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A.P WorldJournal #2

What is your opinion on the Origins of Man? Do you believe in evolution, creationism, or another theory? Respond in a paragraph. Be prepared to share.

Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change as new evidence comes to light. - Louis Leakey, British archaeologist

Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change as new evidence comes to light. - Louis Leakey, British archaeologist

1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE

2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE

3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE4. 30,000 BCE -- 10,000 BCE4. 30,000 BCE -- 10,000 BCE

Paleolithic Age

( Old Stone Age )

2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE

Paleolithic Age

( Old Stone Age )

2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE

“Paleolithic” --> “Old Stone” Age

“Paleolithic” --> “Old Stone” Age 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE

2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE

hunting (men) & gathering (women) --> small bands of 20-30 humans

hunting (men) & gathering (women) --> small bands of 20-30 humans

NOMADIC (moving from place to place)

NOMADIC (moving from place to place)

Made tools Made tools

4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE

4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE

Hominids --> any member of the family of two-legged primates that includes all humans.

Hominids --> any member of the family of two-legged primates that includes all humans.

Australopithecines

Australopithecines

An Apposable

Thumb

An Apposable

Thumb

HOMO HABILIS ( “Man of Skills” )

HOMO HABILIS ( “Man of Skills” ) found in East Africa.

found in East Africa. created stone tools.

created stone tools.

Humans during this period found shelter in caves.

Humans during this period found shelter in caves.

Cave paintings left behind

Cave paintings left behind

Purpose??

Purpose??

1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE

1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE

HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” )

HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” )

Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology

Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia.

First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia. First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE )

fire

First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE )

fire

•

BIPEDALISM

•

BIPEDALISM

Are we all Africans “under the skin”????

Are we all Africans “under the skin”????

200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE

200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE HOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human

Being” )

HOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human

Being” )

Neanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000

BCE )

Neanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000

BCE )

Cro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000

BCE )

Cro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000

BCE )

NEANDERTHALS:

NEANDERTHALS: Neander Valley,

Germany (1856)

Neander Valley, Germany (1856) First humans to bury their dead.

First humans to bury their dead.

Made clothes from animal skins.

Made clothes from animal skins.

Lived in caves and tents.

Lived in caves and tents.

NEANDERTHALS:

NEANDERTHALS:

Early Hut/Tent

Early Hut/Tent

CRO-MAGNONs:CRO-MAGNONs: Homo sapiens sapiens (“Wise,

wise human” )

Homo sapiens sapiens (“Wise, wise human” )

By 30,000 BCE they replaced Neanderthals.

By 30,000 BCE they replaced Neanderthals.

WHY??? WHY???

70,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE70,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE

“Neolithic” --> “New Stone” Age

“Neolithic” --> “New Stone” Age 8,000 BCE – 3,000 BCE 8,000 BCE – 3,000 BCE

Gradual shift from:

Gradual shift from: Nomadic lifestyle --> settled,

stationery lifestyle.

Nomadic lifestyle --> settled, stationery lifestyle.Hunting/Gathering --> agricultural production and domestication of animals.

• farming

Hunting/Gathering --> agricultural production and domestication of animals.

• farming

8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE 8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE

Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world.

Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world.• SLASH-AND-BURN

Farming

• SLASH-AND-BURN Farming

Middle East India Central America China Southeast Asia

8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE

Middle East India Central America China Southeast Asia

8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE

Development

of Agriculture

Development

of Agriculture

?

?

?

?

Impact of the Neolithic Revolution

• Social classes emerge• Specialization of labor• Patriarchal societies developed• John Greens Crash Course :)

Why do you think the development of agriculture occurred around the same time in several different places?

Why do you think the development of agriculture occurred around the same time in several different places?

Why do some archaeologists believe that women were the first farmers?

Why do some archaeologists believe that women were the first farmers?

Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of larger populations.

Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of larger populations. More permanent, settled communities emerged.

More permanent, settled communities emerged.

9,000 BCE --> Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMO ( northern Iraq ): wheat.

9,000 BCE --> Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMO ( northern Iraq ): wheat.

8,000 BCE --> Largest Early Settlement at Çatal Hüyük ( Modern Turkey ) --> 6,000 inhabitants

8,000 BCE --> Largest Early Settlement at Çatal Hüyük ( Modern Turkey ) --> 6,000 inhabitants

Division of labor Division of labor

Engaged in trade

Organized religion

Small military

Small military

12 cultivated crops 12 cultivated crops

An obsidian daggerAn obsidian dagger

Çatal Hüyük

What role did the food supply play in shaping the nomadic life of hunter-gatherers and the settled life of the farmers?

What role did the food supply play in shaping the nomadic life of hunter-gatherers and the settled life of the farmers?

Category Paleolithic Neolithic Age 8000 BCE- 3000 BCE

Social •lived in small nomadic groups•hunter & gatherer•30-50 people•constantly moving

•Social structure•New agriculture•Domesticating animals•Food surplus•Settled farming•Growing population

Social Class Everyone was relatively equal

•Social classes emerge•Private property

Roles of women •Gathered nuts, berries, twigs-child bearing was limited

• Had more children because of new farming• more domestic

Government •Elders controlled the clan•Power organized based on age

• Hierarchy• Military & religious

leaders had authority

Advanced

Cities

Advanced

Cities

Specialized

Workers

Specialized

Workers

Complex

Institutions

Complex

Institutions

Record-

Keeping

Record-

Keeping

Advanced

Technology

Advanced

Technology