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From mirror neurons to the mirror brain
East-West Connections
Nanyang Technological University
Singapore, October 3 2016
Early studies
Motor properties of area F5
Visual responses in area F5
Canonical neurons
Mirror neurons
What is the functional role of
mirror neurons in area F5?
“A mere visual perception, without involvement of the motor
system would only provide a description of the visible aspects of
the movements of the agent, but it would not give precise
information about the intrisic components of the observed action
which are critical for understanding what the action is about,
what is its goal, and how to reproduce it”.
from M. Jeannerod, Action from within , 2004
Goal understanding
fMRI studies in humans
Tool actions
Which are the actions we understand
using the mirror mechanism ?
Emotions
Disgust in humans
Wicker et al. Neuron 2003
Wicker et al. Neuron 2003
Ich-Du is a relationship that stresses the mutual,
holistic existence of two beings. It is a concrete
encounter, because these beings meet one
another in their authentic existence, without any
qualification or objectification of one another
Martin Buber, Ich and Du 1923
The future
Intracortical recordings in humans
Pietro Avanzini Giacomo Rizzolatti
Fausto Caruana Ivana Sartori
Guy A. Orban Giorgio Lo Russo
,
Insula
Mesial
Temporal
FrontalOccipital
BA4BA6
Primary Sensorycortex
ParietalOperculum
Gamma reponse to median nervestimulation stimulation
• Stimulation of the arm contralateral to the implantation;
• Intensity: 10% over motor threshold;
• Reps: 100;
• Frequency: 1 Hz;
• Eyes closed;
99 patients41 left50 right8 bilateral
11983 cortical leads5678 left6305 right
Median nerve stimulation
Right Hemisphere
Left Hemisphere
Towards a millisecond-resolvedneuroimaging mapping
Towards a millisecond-resolvedneuroimaging mapping
Three nerves
overallresponsiveness
after tibial nervestimulation
Right hemisphere
Left hemisphere
Trigeminal nervestimulation
Right hemisphere
Left hemisphere
Timelessperspective on
corticalsomatotopy
Right hemisphere
Left hemisphere
Legend for overlaps:- Tibial and median- Median and Trigeminal- All 3 nerves
...
Hand ActionsONSETMOVEMENTCONTACT
Tool ActionsONSETMOVEMENTCONTACT
Tthe actionobservation
network
Caspers et al., 2011
Mirror mechanism in the rostral
cingulate
Video 1: Burst of laughter
Video 2: Laughter and mirth
Video 3:Laughter without mirth
Gamma 50-150Hz time bins 250ms –time window -500 + 2000
Vid
eo
Cry
Vid
eo
Lau
ghte
rV
ide
o N
eutr
al
The end
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