Functional Anatomy of Blood Vessels

Functional Anatomy of Blood Vessels

Special Circulations

Pulmonary Circulation

Right ventricle↓

Pulmonary trunk↓

Right and left pulmonary arteries↓

Lobar arteries (2 left, 3 right)↓

Arterioles↓

Pulmonary capillaries↓

Diffusion↓

Venules↓

Veins↓

Pulmonary veins↓

Left atrium

Functional blood supply for the lungs comes from the aorta and through the

bronchial arteries.

Special Circulations

Fetal Circulation

Umbilical cord is made of the umbilical vein and two umbilical arteries. Vein carries nutrients and O2 to fetus.

Arteries carry CO2 and wastes from fetus to placenta.

Placenta↓

Umbilical vein↓

Ductus venosus↓

Inferior vena cava↓

Right atrium↓

Foramen ovale↓

Left atrium↓

Left ventricle↓

Aorta↓

Body↓

Internal iliac arteries↓

Umbilical arteries↓

Placenta

Lower extremities

Right ventricle↓

Pulmonary trunk↓

Ductus arteriosus

Liver

Brachiocephalic artery

Special Circulation

Arterial Supply of the Brain

Aortic Arch

Internal carotid arteries

Vertebral arteries

Middle cerebral artery

Anterior cerebral artery

Basilar artery

Posterior cerebral arteries

Common carotid arteries

Subclavian artery

Brachiocephalic artery

Posterior communicating artery

Anterior communicating artery

Special Circulation

Arterial Supply of the Brain

Internal carotid Middle cerebral

Anterior cerebralAnterior cerebralAnterior communicating

Middle cerebral

Basilar

Vertebral

Posterior communicating Posterior

communicatingPosterior cerebral Posterior

cerebral

Major Systemic Veins• Superior Vena Cava• Inferior Vena Cava

Major Systemic Veins

Dorsalis pedis vein↓

Anterior tibial vein↓

Popliteal vein↓

Femoral vein↓

External iliac vein↓

Common iliac vein↓

Inferior vena cava

Dorsal venous arch

Small saphenous vein

Plantar Arch↓

plantar veins↓

Posterior tibial vein

Lower Limb

Great saphenous vein

Fibular (peroneal) vein

BLOOD VESSELS

Arterioles Veinules

BLOOD VESSELS

COMPARISON OF ARTERIES, CAPILLARIES, & VEINS

Arteries & Arterioles Capillaries Veinules & Veins

Tunica Intima

(Blood)

Tunica Media

Tunica Adventitia

CAPILLARY BEDS

BLOOD PRESSURE

VENOUS PUMP

VENOUS PUMP

1. Valves - formed from folds of tunica intima prevent backflow of blood in veinules & veins.

2. Function like semilunar valves forcing blood to flow against gravity toward the heart.

VENOUS PUMP

3. Skeletal muscles pressing against walls of veins provide force to move blood from one valve through the next toward the heart.

4. Skeletal muscles pressing against walls of veins provide force to move blood from one valve through the next toward the heart.

VARICOSE VEINS

1. Veins that are stretched, dilated & overfilled with blood due to incompetent valves

2. Contributing causes:Weak valves or veins - (heredity)Excessive weightExcessive standing, strainingInadequate exerciseIncreased intra-pelvic pressure - pregnancy,

constipation

VARICOSE VEINS

MAJOR ARTERIES OF THE BODY

Ascending AortaAortic Arch

Thoracic Aorta

Abdominal Aorta

Brachiocephalic

Celiac

External Iliac Internal Iliac

Femoral

Popliteal (behind knee)

Posterior Tibial (behind Tibia)Anterior Tibial

ARTERIES OF THE LEG

ARTERIES OF THE HEAD & NECK

Major Systemic Veins• Dorsal venous arch• Great saphenous• Small saphenous• Dorsalis pedis• Anterior tibial• Popliteal• Femoral• External iliac• Common iliac• Inferior vena cava

Lower Limb

• Dorsal venous arch• Small saphenous• Popliteal• Femoral• External iliac• Common iliac• Inferior vena cava

• Dorsal venous arch• Great saphenous• Femoral• External iliac• Common iliac• Inferior vena cava

• Plantar arch• Plantar veins• Posterior tibial• Fibular• Anterior tibial• Popliteal• Femoral• External iliac• Common iliac• Inferior vena

cava

Major Systemic Veins

INFERIOR

VENA

CAVA

Hepatic veins

Left suprarenal veinRenal veinRight suprarenal vein

Hepatic veins

Left gonadal vein

Right gonadal vein

Lumbar veins Lumbar veins

Abdomen

Major Systemic Veins

Head and Neck

Occipital vein↓

Posterior arcuate vein↓

External jugular vein

↓ Vertebral↓

Facial Superficial temporal vein

Subclavian vein

Brachiocephalic vein↓

Superior vena cava

Internal jugular vein

Major Systemic Veins

• Occipital vein• Posterior arcuate vein• External jugular vein• Subclavian vein• Brachiocephalic vein• Superior vena cava

Head and Neck

• Vertebral vein• Subclavian vein• Brachiocephalic vein• Superior vena cava

• Facial vein• Superficial temporal vein• Internal jugular vein• Brachiocephalic vein• Superior vena cava

Major Systemic VeinsUpper Limb

Ulnar vein Radial vein

Basilic vein

Brachial vein

Cephalic Axillary↓

Subclavian↓

Brachiocephalic ↓

Superior vena cava

Median cubital vein

Median antibrachial vein

Major Systemic Veins

• Ulnar vein• Radial vein• Brachial vein• Axillary vein• Subclavian vein• Brachiocephalic vein• Superior vena cava

Upper Limb

• Basilic vein• Brachial vein• Axillary vein• Subclavian vein• Brachiocephalic vein• Superior vena cava

• Cephalic vein• Axillary vein• Subclavian vein• Brachiocephalic vein• Superior vena cava

Major Systemic Veins

Thorax

Azygos System

Posterior intercostal veins↓

Ascending lumbar vein

Hemiazygos veinAccessory hemiazygos veins

Azygos vein

Superior vena cava

Major Systemic Veins

• Posterior intercostal veins• Ascending lumbar veins• Hemiazygos vein• Azygos vein• Superior vena cava

ThoraxAzygos System

• Posterior intercostal veins• Ascending lumbar vein• Accessory hemiazygos

veins• Azygos vein • Superior vena cava

Major Systemic Veins

Hepatic Portal System

Veins from digestive viscera, spleen, & pancreas

↓Hepatic Portal vein

↓Liver

↓Hepatic veins

↓Inferior vena cava

Veins from distal large intestine

↓Inferior mesenteric vein

Veins from spleen↓

Splenic vein

Veins fromlesser curvature

of stomach↓

Left gastric vein

Veins from small intestine,ascending and transverse

colon↓

Superior mesenteric vein

Major Systemic Veins

• Veins from distal large intestine• Inferior mesenteric vein• Veins from digestive viscera,

spleen and pancreas• Hepatic portal vein• Liver• Hepatic veins• Inferior vena cava

Hepatic Portal System

• Veins from spleen• Splenic vein• Veins from digestive viscera,

spleen and pancreas• Hepatic portal vein• Liver• Hepatic veins• Inferior vena cava

• Veins from small intestine, ascending and transverse colon

• Superior mesenteric vein• Veins from digestive viscera,

spleen and pancreas• Hepatic portal vein• Liver• Hepatic veins• Inferior vena cava

• Veins from lesser curvature of stomach

• Left gastric vein• Liver• Hepatic veins• Inferior vena cava

Major Systemic Veins

Hepatic Portal System