Fundamentals of Forecasting (Lynn P. Maximuk)

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NWS Digital Services

Understanding Violent WeatherFundamentals of Forecasting

Lynn P. MaximukMeteorologist In ChargeWFO Pleasant Hill, MO

October 24, 2005

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IT Has Changed The Weather Forecast World

• The NWS primary product is information – not text messages

• Partners and customers demand more of the most current information possible, available when they want it

• High resolution graphical and tabular data for improved service

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Digital Forecast Goals• Leverage national and local expertise to:

• Provide high resolution forecast information• Ensure meteorological consistency• Focus on high impact events• Provide Information in multiple formats

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National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD)

• Multiple input sources – Time and Space• WFOs • National Centers

HPC/SPC/CPC/AWC/NHC/TPC etc.• NWS product – not local office product

• Offices produce a piece of the product• Meteorological consistency a must• One stop shopping

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Digital Data

• Will continue to evolve• Add a vertical dimension• Watch and warning information• Observational information• Climatological information

• Tap into GIS capabilities• Readily useable formats

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Modern Technology

• New ways to prepare forecasts by depicting the underlying forecast information

• Flexibility extracting information to meet partner and customer needs – formats without bounds

• Ability for rapid updates

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Service and Information Flow

• Frequent updates in short term – hourly• High spatial resolution – 5km nationally

and 2.5km locally• More detailed forecast information for

weather parameters important to partners and customers to feed their formatters and decision software

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How to Obtain NDFD Data

• Data, decoders and detailed information available at the following web sites:• Weather.gov/ndfd• Weather.gov/ndfd/technical.htm

• Database contents, format, etc.• Available in GRIB2, NetCDF and XML

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Data Extraction Ideas

The Sky is the Limit!

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Traditional Forecast Format

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Detailed Forecast Information

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Decision Aid

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Polygon Warning Experiment

• Warnings were issued for the ‘threat area’ of a storm, counties fell out as needed from this threat area.

• Extensive outreach on key issues conducted spring 2005.

• Multiple warnings in effect for a county.• Impact on EAS• How to ‘visualize’ the polygons?

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Polygon Warning Experiment

• Customer feedback:• Many emergency managers expressed that

one of the reasons they rated services improved this year was because of the refined ‘box’ used in warnings.

• Some radio stations lukewarm (especially with regard to tornado warnings and EAS), as they get more warnings for the same ‘county’.

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Media perspective on polygons

• Cones Of “StormTracks” are already familiar with viewers

• Text Crawls already cut whole county warnings

• Challenge is to marry audio message with new video display

• Learning curve with Media and NWS

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Polygons in action

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