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Fundaments of demography. Demography – introduction. Demos + grafein Study of reproduction of population Population inhabitants in the specific area group of inhabitants with the same biological, cultural and social characteristics. The history of demography. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Fundaments of demography
Demography – introduction
• Demos + grafein
• Study of reproduction of population
• Population• inhabitants in the specific area• group of inhabitants with the same biological,
cultural and social characteristics
The history of demography
• 1662: John Graunt: The natural and political observations, death time table
• based on death time tables → modelling of the death of the London inhabitants
• 17th and 18th century – many theories, example:• A. Smith: Labour requirement influents
and determines state of population, • Thomas Robert Malthus: population has
an exponential growth, means of life support have linear growth
The history of demography
• International statistical congres 1853 in Brussels (initiator L. Quetelet)• the main topic of the congres:
• The first demographic congres 1927, Geneve, formation of International Union for the Scientific Study of Population
Infancy of demography in czech countries
• 1897 Institute of antropology and demography – Charles university
• 1918 State statistical office, department of population statistics
• 1920 Charles University, Faculty of Science
Demographic information sources
• Yearbooks• Demographic yearbook, UN, since 1948
(http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/)• demographic info about chosen countries of the world (not detailed)
• EUROSTAT (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat)• detailed demographic info about EU countries
• Czech statistical office (ČSÚ, http://www.czso.cz)• very detailed info about czech inhabitants
Demographic information sources
• Journals• Population Index (USA, quarterly, since 1935)
• Population & Societé (France, monthly, since 1946)
• Demography (USA, quarterly, since 1964)
• Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft (GER, 4 publications per year, since 1975)
• Demografie (CZE, quarterly, since 1958)
Demographic data
• Two types of data
Population state
• Based on census of inhabitants or population census• Census of inhabitants (collected
only basic data – age, sex, occupation, etc.)
• Population census (big action, many personal characteristics, is done more precisely)
Population state indicators
• Size of population (2 types):
• Size of population
• Mid-year state of population
Population state indicators
• Average computation• linear growth of inhabitants
• geometric growth of inhabitants
• continuous growth of inhabitants
Population state indicators
• Density of population
Population state indicators
• Population structure by sex• share of men
• share of women
• index of masculinity
• index of feminity
Population state indicators
• Structure of population by age• biological generation I. 0 – 14 years II. 15 – 49 years
III. 50 years and over
• dependency ratio – according BG
BGI
BGIIIDR
.
.
Population state indicators
• economic generation• I. 0 – 19 years (pre-productivity) • II. 15 – 49 years (productivity)• III. 50 and over (post-productivity)
• index of economic load
• weigthed index of economic load
Population state indicators
• young dependency rate (green dependency)
• old dependency rate(grey dependency)
Population state indicators
• Age pyramid
• progressive (I. BG > III. BG)
• stationary (I. BG ~ III. BG)
• regressive (I. BG < III. BG)
Population state indicators
• Age pyramid
Population state indicators – age pyramid
Population state indicators
• Age of population
• life expectancy – average duration of life of the current newborn
• normal life expectancy – the most frequently age of death (mode of live duration)
• probability life expectancy – age, in which could live at least a half of population (median)
Population movement indicators
• are directly related to reproduction of population• Indicators: birth, death, marrage,
divorce and moving
• register of natural change
• register of migration
Demographic indicators
Study of reproduction of population
• process of dying-cul
• process of reproduction
• process of migration
Demographic indicators
• Basic indicators• mortality – death ability • fertility – ability of reproduction • marriage – ability of making couples, which
make possible a reproduction• divorce – ability to cancel out of made
couples• migration – ability to move
Demographic indicators
• Mortality• death rate
exposition – estimate of average of population – mid-year state of population
Mid-year state of population is estimated1. arithmetical average of first and last value
in the time period2. size of population in the centre of the
interval
Demographic indicators
• Specific indicators of mortality (by age, by sex etc.)suckling mortality – mortality up to 1 year of the
suckling´s life
• suckling mortality quotient
newborn mortality – mortality up to 28 days after childbirth
• newborn mortality quotient
Demographic indicators
• letality rate
• specific rate of letality – by age
Demographic indicators
• Natality
• natality rate
• fertility rate
• contingent – number of women in the fertility age (15 – 49 years)
Demographic indicators
• specific rate of fertility – includes age of the women
• total fertility rate – average number of children, which are born to 1 woman, fertility is not changing, mortality up to 50 years is zero
• net rate of reproduction – number of girls, which are born to 1 women, fertility is not changing a mortality up to 50 years is also not changing
• crude rate of reproduction – number of girls, which are born to 1 women, fertility is not changing a mortality up to 50 years is zero
Demographic indicators
• Newborn classification
• sex – index of masculinity and feminity• vitality• legitimate• maturity – readiness to live in the real
world• full-term baby• not full-term baby
Demographic indicators
• Abortion
• crude rate of abortion
• specific rate of abortion – includes age of the women
• total rate of abortion – average number of abortions per life of the women, fertility and abortion rate is not changing and death rate up to 50 years is zero
Demographic indicators
• Marriage a divorce
• crude marriage rate
• crude marriage rate – men
• crude marriage rate – women
Demographic indicators
• specific marriage rate
• specific first marriage rate
• first marriage average age
Demographic indicators
• crude divorce rate
• specific divorce rate
• specific divorce rates
Demographic indicators
• Migration• number of moved in (I) and moved out (E)• migration balance • total migration
• immigration intensity
• emigration intensity
Demographic indicators
• relative migration balance
• total migration rate
• migration balance rate
Demographic indicators
• Population increase• natural population increase
• K = N – M
• natural increase rate
• total population increase• T = N – M + S
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