View
114
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Gender and Mainstreaming Gender. At – SIRD 20 th May 2011. Getting to know each other. Name Sex Daughter / Son of One responsibility at home. Objectives. Understand the concept of gender and related issues. Understand gender mainstreaming in the context of Local Governance. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
At – SIRD20th May 2011
Getting to know each other
NameSexDaughter / Son of One responsibility at
home
2
Objectives Understand the concept of gender
and related issues.
Understand gender mainstreaming in the context of Local Governance
3
Why Gender Training?
Because it concerns both men and women
It involves transformation of attitudes and practices in all societies.
Because when we work with communities, it’s essential to be sensitive to both men’s and women’s needs and issues
It touches all of us.
4
Difference between Sex & Gender
Sex refers to biologically determined differences between men and women that are universal.
They are established in nature.
They largely remain unchanged.
5
GENDER
Gender refers to the social roles and relations between women and men.
Unlike the sex of men or women that is biologically determined, gender roles of women and men are socially constructed.
Such roles can change over time and vary according to geographic location and social context.
6
Gender roles are learned behaviors in a given society/community or other social groups, that condition which activities, tasks and responsibilities are perceived as male and female
7
GenderGender is not “Sex”
Gender is not “Women”
Gender is a focus on the unequal relations between men and women
8
Statements about men and women
Role and Activity – Exercise
Division of workSame work - different value
Women
Stitching - at home
Cooking - at home
Cleaning - at home
Healthcare - at home
Men
outside + Money = Tailor
outside + Money = Cook
outside + Money =
Cleaner
outside + Money = Doctor
Story – 24 hours a day
Triple role of women
ProductiveReproductiveCommunity
13
Practical gender needs & Strategic gender needs
Practical Gender Needs: Facilitate in managing effectively the current roles more easily without changing the position in society
Strategic needs are related to changing the status quo
14
Gender DifferencesAspect Women Men
Roles and responsibilities
Work at homeLook after childrenLook after the sick
Go out to work for moneyCannot be expected to cook or clean
Access and control over resources
Does not own or inherit propertyChoice of having sex/child –partnerTime decided by others
Property is in his nameInherits propertyMore educational opportunities Entitled to leisure
Behavioral stereotypes
WeakEmotionalDependantShy
Strong RationalIndependentTough
How gender works as a system
Beliefs in society about women and men
Gender norms
Gender roles for men and women
Sexual division of labor
Different activities and tasks for men and women
Differential Access to and control over resources
Differential decision making and power
Socialization
Socialization is a life long process through which individuals acquire a personal identity and social skills. This is a process through which a new born child is gradually transformed into a knowledgeable adult
17
Agents of Socialization
Family, Peer, School, Community, Media
Institutions- Religious, Political, Legal,
Economic, Political and Social Factors.
18
Patriarchal values and gender relations : Some Answers
Patriarchy explains:How our societies function?How it controls womenIt is a control by men.Patriarchy has its roots in religionIn family traditionsIt involves the idea that within a
family there is a clear unwritten and unsaid hierarchy of need
It leads to certain mindsets and behaviour and this results in inequality.
19
Gender works against women and men
Even though men usually end up having more power and decision making ability through this system they are also under pressure to follow the pattern.
An individual man , though having more power than a similarly placed woman has to conform to behaviour, task, roles expectations
Situation of Women in the world Women form almost half of the population of our country Women work 2/3 of the world’s working hours, and produce ½
of the world’s food, yet earn only 10 per cent of the world’s income, and own less than 1 per cent of the world’s property. (UN)
Two-thirds of children denied primary education is girls, and 75 per cent of the world’s 876 million illiterate adults are women. Every extra year a girl spends at school could reduce child mortality by ten per cent. (UN, World’s Women)
More than half a million women die in pregnancy and childbirth every year: of these deaths,
Women hold only 14 per cent of parliamentary seats worldwide, and only eight per cent of the world’s cabinet ministers are women.
Domestic violence is the biggest cause of injury and death to women worldwide. Gender-based violence causes more deaths and disability among women aged 15 to 44 than cancer, malaria, traffic accidents, and war. (World Bank Discussion Paper)
23
Mainstreaming is The word “Mainstream” as a noun means:
‘principal current of a river; prevailing trends in opinions, fashion etc’.As a verb, it indicates becoming part of the ‘mainstream’.
24
Gender Mainstreaming is It is a strategy to ensure gender equality It is an approach to governance that
makes men’s and women’s concerns and experiences an integral part of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies in all sectors of society.
It is a strategy to promote strategic gender need
25
Equality and Equity
Equality is an ideal value
When the principle of equality is applied to unequals, inequality usually increases
Gender equality is a goal
Equity is an operational principle
Equity requires making special provisions for the powerless
Practicing gender equity is essential to achieve gender equality
Gender equality
Absence of discrimination on the basis of a person's sex in opportunities and the allocation of resources or benefits or in access to services.
Gender equity
Fairness and justice in the distribution of benefits and responsibilities between women and men. The concept recognises that women and men have different needs and power and that these differences should be identified and addressed in a manner that rectifies the imbalance between the sexes.
Gender Mainstreaming is Cont…….
It is a strategy not only for attaining gender equality but for the
sustainable development of societies as a whole.
28
Mainstreaming requires Awareness of ParticipantsSensitization of Participants Enhancement of Decision making
power of participants Access to and Control of the
participants on the developmental activities
Supportive environment
29
Understanding DevelopmentDevelopment is committed to the
equality of all people. Two Pillars of Development
Participation – Full involvement of people which affects their lives, regardless of gender, race , age , class or social disability.
Empowerment – Achieved by people themselves, through their own effort. Power to, power with and power within
women is key to development than power over
Approaches to Women’s DevtWelfareAnti – Poverty EfficiencyEquity Empowerment
Possible Areas of Involvement Decision Making
Finance in the Home
Education of Children
Family PlanningContribution to
Health of Children
Feeding of familyProduction of
food for family Consumption
Production of food for cash payment
Community DiscussionAgriculture Water and SanitationSchool / educationNeighbourhood /
ConstructionNationality
Political Representation
Political InvolvementEmployment outside the
HomeIndustryBusinessMedical / nursingLawservice industries
Factors obstructing women’s involvement. Lack of formal educationLimited involvement in community action/ discussionsPovertyMalnourishmentHeavy domestic workloadMobility requires permission form males in the
householdReligious practices / beliefsInequality in national lawsPrevious negative experience of developmentDifficulty in recruiting female workersChild rearing responsibilitiesGovernment austerity programmes resulting in less
time and financ
34
Recommended