Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and Racism. Ancient Genocides The Armenian Genocide The Holocaust...

Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and Racism

Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and RacismAncient Genocides

The Armenian Genocide

The Holocaust

Apartheid

Rwanda

Ethnic Cleansing in Yugoslavia

Darfur

Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and Racism ProjectChoose one of the topics from below and

watch the movie and read a/the book associated with it. Write a research paper that incorporates ideas from the movie and book with outside primary and secondary source material.

Holocaust – Schindler’s List; Diary of Anne Frank or The Hiding Place or Night

Rwanda – Hotel Rwanda; Left to Tell or Shake Hands With the Devil

South Africa – Invictus; Cry the Beloved Country

http://www.yale.edu/gsp/index.html

Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and Racism• What is the United Nations definition

of genocide?• What acts constitute genocide?• How does it differ from the charge

“crimes against humanity?”• What is the difference in the view of

academics and human rights activists toward genocide?

Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and Racism• How should genocide be dealt with?

Should it be on a national scale, regional, or global? What is the role of transnational organizations such as the United Nations?

• Write down your opinion now, and then compare it to your opinion upon completion of this unit.

Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and Racism• How does genocide affect societies,

groups, and individuals?

“All that is necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men do nothing.”

--Edmund Burke

Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and Racism

Ancient Genocides

Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing: Ancient Genocides• Deuteronomy 7 and 20• Joshua 6 and 8• Thucydides – The History of the

Peloponnesian War – Chapter X

Genocide and the Bible• For what reason did God order the

complete destruction of the cities of Jericho and Ai?

• Is it possible to reconcile the atrocities performed in the name of God, and attributed to God in the Old Testament with the messages of love, compassion, and forgiveness found in the New Testament?

Sparta• For what reason did God order the

complete destruction of the cities of Jericho and Ai?

• Is it possible to reconcile the atrocities performed in the name of God, and attributed to God in the Old Testament with the messages of love, compassion, and forgiveness found in the New Testament?

Sparta• For what reason did God order the

complete destruction of the cities of Jericho and Ai?

• Is it possible to reconcile the atrocities performed in the name of God, and attributed to God in the Old Testament with the messages of love, compassion, and forgiveness found in the New Testament?

Roman Destruction of Carthage• For what reason did God order the

complete destruction of the cities of Jericho and Ai?

• Is it possible to reconcile the atrocities performed in the name of God, and attributed to God in the Old Testament with the messages of love, compassion, and forgiveness found in the New Testament?

Roman Destruction of Carthage• For what reason did God order the

complete destruction of the cities of Jericho and Ai?

• Is it possible to reconcile the atrocities performed in the name of God, and attributed to God in the Old Testament with the messages of love, compassion, and forgiveness found in the New Testament?

Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and Racism

The Armenian

Genocide

Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing: Armenian Genocide• Readings

– DPs: Europe’s Displaced Persons– Fires of Hatred

Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing: Armenian Genocide• Why was the Armenian genocide

perpetrated?• How many people died in the

Armenian genocide?• How did the Turks implement their

plans?

Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing: Armenian Genocide• Why was the Armenian genocide

perpetrated?• How many people died in the

Armenian genocide?• How did the Turks implement their

plans?

Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing: Armenian Genocide• Why was the Armenian genocide

perpetrated?• How many people died in the

Armenian genocide?• How did the Turks implement their

plans?

Armenia

Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing: Armenian Genocide• Why was the Armenian genocide

perpetrated?• How many people died in the

Armenian genocide?• How did the Turks implement their

plans?

Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing: Armenian Genocide• Why was the Armenian genocide

perpetrated?• How many people died in the

Armenian genocide?• How did the Turks implement their

plans?

Armenia• The Turk who takes the fortunes (of

others)• A saigneur is someone who makes

another bleed – may be a play on words: seigneur means lord

Armenia

Armenia• Removal of the bodies from the streets

of Gacata

Armenia• Massacres of Christians in Turkey

Armenia• New massacres in

Armenia – Mobilization in Greece

Armenia

Armenia

Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing: Armenian Genocide• “We did not commit genocide we

defended the country”• Why has the Turkish government

continued to deny the Armenian genocide?

• How does this denial affect the relationship between the United States and Turkey?

Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and Racism

The Holocaust

Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing: The Holocaust• Benchmarks

– SS.912.W.7.8 Explain the causes, events, and effects of the Holocaust (1933-1945) including its roots in the long tradition of anti-Semitism, 19th century ideas about race and nation, and Nazi dehumanization of the Jews and other victims.

• Readings– DPs: Europe’s Displaced Persons– Fires of Hatred

Foundation for Genocide• Why were the Jews blamed for

Germany’s defeat in World War I?• What role did the Armenian genocide

play in Hitler’s plans to destroy the Jews in Germany?

• What factors contributed to Hitler’s drive to implement the “Final Solution”?

Anti-Semitic Propaganda• Cover: "When you see this symbol..."• Page 2: "Remember what the Jews have done to

our people." The page reviews World War I, for which the Jews are held responsible, then states: "Now for the first time, World Jewry openly says what it wants: 'Germany must die!'"

• Page 3: "And you can read the Jew's solution in the booklet The War Aim of World Plutocracy." A review of Kaufman's proposal follows. "The German Wehrmacht will ensure that World Jewry's terrible plan, as proclaimed by the Jew Kaufman, will never become reality.

• Page 4: "You must ensure through your behavior that Jewry never again has even the slightest influence on our people."

Anti-Semitic Propaganda• This is the cover to the most infamous

issue of Der Stürmer, the 1934 issue accusing Jews of practicing ritual murder to secure the blood of Christians to use in Jewish religious rituals. The headline reads: Jewish Murder Plan against Gentile Humanity Revealed. The issue actually got banned by the Nazis after it had been out for a while, not because of anti-Semitic content, but because it compared alleged Jewish ritual murder with the Christian sacrament of communion.

• “The Jews are our misfortune!”

Foundation for Genocide• What is the definition of the word

holocaust?• What was the Holocaust?• Which groups did the Nazis include in

the Holocaust?

Foundation for Genocide• Free Saxony from Marxist trash!• 1930 or earlier - poster for a

provincial election in Saxony

Foundation for Genocide• What was Kristallnacht?• What was its purpose?

The SS• Who were the SS?• How is it that the SS was able to

inflict such punishment and torture on the prisoners within the camps?

Foundation for Genocide• How were individuals identified in

European cities?• What steps were taken by the Nazis to

implement the “Final Solution”?

The Ghetto

Transport

Distribution of Labor and Death Camps

Auschwitz-Birkenau

The Auschwitz Death Camp• What did the “selection” process

consist of?• Why were the prisoner’s heads shaved

upon arrival at the camp?

Survival in the Camps

– “…on the average, only those prisoners could keep alive who, after years of trekking from camp to camp, had lost all scruples in their fight for existence; they were prepared to use every means, honest and otherwise, even brutal force, theft, and betrayal of their friends, in order to save themselves.”

»Victor E. Frankl

The Auschwitz Death Camp• What were the capabilities of the gas

chambers and crematoria?• What agent was used in the chambers?

– How does that particular agent kill?

– What is its modern use?

The Auschwitz Death Camp• What conditions existed within the

camps in terms of accommodations?• How were prisoners treated?

The Psychology of the Camp• Three stages or periods of camp life

– Admission– Entrenchment in camp routine– Release and liberation

The Psychology of the Camps• What was the mindset of a newly

admitted prisoner to the camp?

The Psychology of the Camps• What was the most common form of

suicide in the camps?• How was it determined that someone

was about to commit suicide?• How would other prisoners try to talk

this person down from these thoughts?

The Psychology of the Camps• What was the second phase prisoners

would go through after admission to the camps?

• What actions manifested during this period?

• How did the prisoners view time?

The Psychology of the Camps

– “This body here, my body, is really a corpse already. What has become of me?”

»Victor E. Frankl

The Psychology of the Camps• How did the body and mind respond

to the brutality of the camps?

“First They Came”

–When the Nazis came for the communists,I remained silent;I was not a communist.

–When they locked up the social democrats,I remained silent;I was not a social democrat.

–When they came for the trade unionists,I did not speak out;I was not a trade unionist.

“First They Came”

–When they came for the Jews,I remained silent;I wasn't a Jew.

–When they came for me,there was no one left to speak out.

»Pastor Martin Niemoller

Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and Racism

Apartheid

Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing: Apartheid• DPs: Europe’s Displaced Persons• Fires of Hatred

Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and Racism

Rwanda

Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing: Rwanda• Benchmarks

– SS.912.W.9.3 Explain cultural, historical, and economic factors and governmental policies that created the opportunities for ethnic cleansing or genocide in Cambodia, the Balkans, Rwanda and Darfur and describe various governmental and non-governmental responses to them.

• Readings– DPs: Europe’s Displaced Persons– Fires of Hatred

Colonialism• Why did the Belgians divide those in

their colonies into different groups?• What were the names and

characteristics of those groups?– Why did these classifications

make little sense?• How did King Leopold maintain

control among the African colonists?

United Nations in Rwanda• How were the plans of the Hutu

leadership communicated to the Interhamwe?

• How were the Tutsis dehumanized?– Why was this approach taken?

United Nations in Rwanda• What event led to the withdrawal of a

majority of UN troops?

United Nations in Rwanda• What event led to the withdrawal of a

majority of UN troops?

United Nations in Rwanda• What event led to the withdrawal of a

majority of UN troops?

United Nations in Rwanda• What event led to the withdrawal of a

majority of UN troops?

Emmanuelle Ilibigazi

Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and Racism

Ethnic Cleansing

in Yugoslavia

Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing: Ethnic Cleansing in Yugoslavia• Benchmarks

– SS.912.W.9.3 Explain cultural, historical, and economic factors and governmental policies that created the opportunities for ethnic cleansing or genocide in Cambodia, the Balkans, Rwanda and Darfur and describe various governmental and non-governmental responses to them.

• Readings– DPs: Europe’s Displaced Persons– Fires of Hatred

Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and Racism

Darfur

Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing: Darfur• Benchmarks

– SS.912.W.9.3 Explain cultural, historical, and economic factors and governmental policies that created the opportunities for ethnic cleansing or genocide in Cambodia, the Balkans, Rwanda and Darfur and describe various governmental and non-governmental responses to them.

• Readings– DPs: Europe’s Displaced Persons– Fires of Hatred

Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and Racism

United Nations Policy

Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing: United Nations Policy• Benchmarks

– SS.912.W.9.3 Explain cultural, historical, and economic factors and governmental policies that created the opportunities for ethnic cleansing or genocide in Cambodia, the Balkans, Rwanda and Darfur and describe various governmental and non-governmental responses to them.

• Readings– DPs: Europe’s Displaced Persons– Fires of Hatred

The Role of the United Nations• Why was the response of the UN in

Rwanda so ineffective?• The UN provides the legal framework

for prosecuting criminals• What is the four-step process followed

by the UN when dealing with real or perceived genocides?

The Role of the United Nations• What should be done if the United

Nations is unwilling or incapable of acting to stop a genocide?

• Should a state like the US or UK step up and take leadership?

• Should a coalition of local states “patrol its own neighborhood?”

• Should the UN, NATO, or some other transnational organization be counted on to step in?