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Geospatial Dimensions For Groundwater Management
A detailed approach to Geospatial Applications for comprehensive management of Groundwater
BY
Sangeeta DeogawankaIndependent Journalist, Conservationist
Business & Social Consultant
As natural resources diminish, focus shifts to Groundwater, the primary water resource
Conservation Judicious / optimal use Identification of potential aquifers Devising of drought contingency plans Undertaking of integrated GW Mgt. in tandem with
other deptts., Municipalities, Regional HQs., etc.
APPROACH TO GROUNDWATER
Undergoing a paradigm shift from
Quantitative Qualitative
Broad-based aquifer Localised thematic information mapping [modelled towards native problem resolution & vulnerability assessment]
Traditional mindset / tools Cross - platform dimension [integrating hybrid cloud, community, social media, GIS platform, computing, statistical probability models]
Why Map Groundwater?Primary Reasons: Understand usage trends Analyse patterns of GW.
data Tap good aquifers Ensure lasting supplies for real time GW analysis
/ on – site decision making
Secondary Reasons: Analyse the spatial,
temporal & vectoral aspects of GW. data
Apply the same for planning
Apply the same for integrated GW .Management
Apply for GW. Remedial Management
A COMPLETE STEP-WISE APPROACH TO GEOSPATIAL APPLICATIONS FOR GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT
MASTER TABLE
GEOSPATIAL APPLICATION for
GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT
GROUNDWATER DATA MONITORING
GROUNDWATER DATA MODELLING
GW DATA Monitoring involves
MAPPING THE AQUIFER SYSTEM /GW RESERVOIR THROUGH REMOTE SENSING
MEASURING THE GW PARAMETERS
RECORDING OF LOCATIONAL DATA
GW Parameters – ground to water level, salinity, temperature, GW chemistry, drawdown
Locational Data – Surface discharge, topography, geologic data, no. of tubewells
GW DATA MONITORING
THE GEOSPATIAL APPROACH
APPLICATION OF GPS DATA LOGGERS& AQUAMETERS
GPS DATA LOGGERSCost effective & reliable
Used for measurement of water levels, temperature, conductivity
Applicationsurban water supplies, salt water intrusion, brine storage
thermal profiling, contaminant monitoring
APPLICATION OF GPS AQUAMETERSAllow simultaneous measurement of 40 parameters, accurate GPS data,
allow overlay with map reading & satellite imagery
ApplicationsContaminant monitoring, Engg. Services, GW analysis
APPLICATION OF PARTICIPATORY GIS
Using Community, Public (PPGIS)
Social media, Crowdsourcing
Applications / Examples
Arghyam initiative in Kerala for GW levels mapping
New Delhi municipality usage of Facebook for contaminant monitoring
Arsenic monitoring in Bangladesh using PPGIS
APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES
Provide hi resolution information over large aquifersTime & labour saving technique
ApplicationsSaltwater intrusions, submarine GW dischargeArtificial recharge, aquifer storage & recovery
USE Surface, Borehole and Airborne methods in GW studies
Borehole Logging – subtle GW flow conditions
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) – a broadband impulse radar system with high soil penetrating capacity
USED for hydrological modelling, measure moisture content of soils, water table maps, define geometry of aquifers,
BEST application is in electrically resistive mediums of dry, porous, sandy soils, & where numerous subsystems of GW flow
APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING (RS)
Provide Imagery & satellite data –
with high spatial, spectral, radiometric resolution
Applications
High resolution requirements, mapping large terrains,
For multi-temporal analysis for spatially distributed data
For analysis in multi-thematic data format / raster GW data models
Microwave Remote Sensing (MRS)An advanced RS technique to map spatial domain of surface soil moisture
With temporal dynamics
Applications
GW Recharge & hydrological studies
WHAT IS GROUNDWATER DATA APPLICATION
GW DATA MAPPING
Synchronisation of
basic Groundwater Data, using established
mapping methods for presentations &
analysis
GW DATA MODELLING
Advanced application of Groundwater Data for
Statistical & GIS Modelling in a cross-platform interface / in
multiple layers
FIRST APPROACH TO GW DATA APPLICATION
GROUNDWATER DATA
MAPPING
MAPPING METHODS
MAPPING PRESENTATION
REMOTE SENSING (RS)
GROUNDWATER MAPPING METHODS
Hydrogeologic Complex & Setting Methods (applied to small & medium scale mapping) Parametric System (mapping of GW parameters in usable format) Index & Analogical relations (used to consider properties of overlying layers &
contaminants, like transport equations) Mathematical Equations (flow & transport models that integrate multiple input data) Statistical Methods (applied for small to medium scale mapping, with 3 tier method
of selecting GW influencing factors, mapping spatial distribution & concentration of contaminants, & finally establish a statistical algorithm for mapping GW vulnerability
GROUNDWATER MAPPING PRESENTATION
VISUAL DIAGRAMS & MAPSOrganised in visible formats as grids,
charts, graphs & geo-referenced maps – to allow cross overlay +
computation of data modelsThematic, Vector/ Raster, Mash-ups,
OR continuous data set of raster maps
GW maps well location maps plotted in GIS
platform, Digital Elevation Models for spatial
pattern analysis, land use maps, piezometric level maps,
Raterised GW elevation maps (map seasonal & long term trends)
DESK TOP & CUSTOMISED SOFTWARE
Ready to use Customised Software that allow that allow multi-layered
cross platform mapping for study & problem resouluion
(Arc GIS Desktop/ SURFER)
Data Visulaization SoftwareAllow interactive animation & graphical
designs Application – high impact reports
GW Monitoring Software(Driver Office, Driver Pocket)
Support managing of data loggersApplications – Public Water Agencies &
Consultants
GEOSPATIAL APPLICATIONS IN GROUNDWATER DATA MODELLING
GEOSTATISTICAL MODELLING applies GW Data for diverse appications Space-time intelligence software – to map arsenic variability Parameter Estimation & Statistical Software – model risk analysis, natural resource management
CONCEPTUAL MODELLING Applications like Hydro GeoAnalyst & Hydro GeoBuidler are applied for GW
Data Management; Hydro GeoBuilder works well with FEFLOW & MODFLOW models
Data Contouring & Modeling Software – SURFER, GRAPHER, GW CONTOUR, ARCHYDRO GROUNDWATER are applied to first level GW analytics
ADVANCED GW DATA MODELLING Work as both simple contouring / finite difference flow & transport models.
Natural Attenuation & Remediation Optimization Models (Hydro GeoAnalyst) support removal of GW contaminants; Unsaturated Zone Models are applied to projects; Borehole Geology Logging Models (LogPlot7) applied in geophysical
env.; Pumping & Slug Tests Analysis Software(AquiferTest) for analysis of hydraulic properties of aquifer
GEOSPATIAL APPLICATIONS IN URBAN GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT
• Basic Maps – to understand parameters of city GW• GIS Mapping & modelling Tools – applied to StormWater
Management & Flood Controls, design Rainwater Harvesting Systems, Recharge of depleted zones, predict soil subsidence probabilities, devise civic & water engineering solutions through analytic models, urban waste water management, for GW quality assessment, and risk mapping with respect to seepage, contamination
INTEGRATED GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENTApplies various mapping, monitoring and modelling methods to work in a
cross platform interface that allows for various Departments to wor for a common solution and remediation to GroundWater
CASE STUDY OF MULBAGAL, KARNATAKA
Whereas previous data had suggested an alarming GW depeltion in this area, the application of GIS by ARGHYAM inferred
1. There was no alarming depletion
as pumping rate was offset by recharge
2. Portion of recharge was lost to horizontal lateral flow
in aquifer topography
Various inferences made have helped the Municipality to undertake GW Management decisions for a uniform GW availability
MULBAGAL GW MAPillustrating differences in Groundwater levels
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