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8/9/2019 Gestalt Theories and Design 2 (1)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/gestalt-theories-and-design-2-1 1/11
Gestalt theories and design
Baraa Ismail 012773
Design and psychology
1 abstract
howprinciples,itsdefinition,itstheory,This report discuss gestalt
principlesheTapplied.and gestalt theoryto use it in design
texts andprocessingthat readers indifficultiesexplain many
andorganizationslaws of perceptualgestaltare thewhat,graphics
affective.they explain why well designed pages and graphics are
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introductions2
When your first impression of a design is positive, when youinstinctively see the design as being good, it’s likely because one or
more Gestalt principles of perception are at play. When you look at a
y because thoseparts, it’s likelitsdesign and admire one or two of
.parts are adhering to one or more Gestalt principles
One of the best things you can do as a designer is to learn these
principles and understand what they tell us about how people.ectsperceive visual objects and the arrangements of visual obj
theory?is gestalthatW
When human beings look at a painting or a web page or any complex
combination of elements, we see the whole before we see the
individual parts that make up that whole. This idea of seeing the
ore thanwhole before the parts and even more the whole becoming m
.the sum of its parts is Gestalt
The German word gestalt can be translated as “shape” or “form” and
the term refers to how visual input is perceived by human
and hasWertheimer Maxy b foundedwaschology psyGestalt beings.
.authorsother been added to over the years by
Wertheimer’s original observation was that we perceive motion
when there is nothing more than a rapid sequence of individual
sensory events such as a series of lights flashing in sequence. Imagine
ristmas lights. Each light turns on and off in sequencea string of Ch
along the string. We see the movement of light from one end of the
.string to the other, when in reality nothing has moved
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Mr. Koffka didn’t like that translation, and pointed out that in his
statement, he means the whole exists independently from the
component parts
methodologies3
1.3 gestalt principles
(elementther figureare perceived as eiElements:groundigure /F-
sites)on which the figure(backgroundor groundof focus
dto be more relateperceivedthings that are similar are:Similarity-
dissimilarthan things that are
elements arranged on a line or curve):continuity(continuation-
to be more related than elements not on the line orperceivedare
curve.
individualofarrangementlooking at a complexhen: wclosure-
pattern.we tend to look for single recognizableelements,
ceived tothat are close to one another are per: ThingsProximity-
be more related than things that are spaced farther apart
):Common Fate (Synchrony-
Elements moving in the same direction are perceived as being
more related than elements that are stationary or that move in
ge at the same time groupdifferent directions. Elements that chan
together
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The idea that when we perceive objects we tend to:Symmetry-
perceive them as symmetrical shapes that form around their center
Elements that are parallel to each other appear more:Parallelism-
related than elements not parallel to each other
Elements tend to be grouped together if in the:ExperiencePast-
past experience of the observer they were often grouped together.
point of interest, emphasis, or differencea:PointLaw of Focal-
will capture and hold the viewer’s attention
.
Figure / ground
Area ( figure / ground ) Similarities
Through repetition of color, size,
orientation, texture, font, shape,
etc. we can design elements so
they appear more relatedContinuation (continuity)
Closure
PROXIMITY
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.
design?to use gestalt theory inHow2.3
gestalt theory describes how the mind organizes visualAt its simplest,
larity of form, the more effective the design.The stronger the c.data
:How to use its principlesoS
, theespecially important for incorporating typr into visualit's:ground /igureF
visual or the type will be hardfrom the otherseparatedtype must be sufficiently
to read .
eTuftEdwardproblems with figure ground segregation are illustrated byeveralS
in his chapter data link and graphical redesign his illustration shows what happen
to be placed on it .pe that isyvy for the twhen the grid on the paper is too hea
:Proximity
several visuals on a page and the headingthere arewhenaccruesproblemA
.close to several of visualsambiguouslyassociated with one visual
Symmetry
Parallelism Focal point
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:Symmetry
ofto the perception of balance in the size , shape and relative positionsRefers
diving lineof parts of opposite side
Types of Symmetry
There are three types of symmetry: reflection (bilateral), rotational (radial), and
translational symmetry. Each can be used in design to create strong points of
interest and visual stability.
Use Symmetry Strategically
atStrategic use of symmetry (and the lack of it) is a powerful design tool. Designs th
need more stability, a strong organizational structure, and a classic and trusting
message, tend to use more symmetry in the design.
loving designs, providing asymmetry can reinforce the message. You can use-For risk
.orderly, boring designasymmetry to punctuate an otherwise
imilaritiesS
In both the old and new Reuters logo similar color and dot sizes are used todots never touch. In the old logomake the logos cohesive even though the
” are easily legible because the dotsReutersthe various letters of the word “share a similar size and color. The current logo adds a more dynamic feel by
by the use ofusing slightly varying dot sizes while still being linked together.the orange color
.
Reflection symmetryRational symmetryTranslational symmetry
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Closure:
The Law of Closure is all about “drawing conclusions” and filling in missing pieces.
o the audience thisThat is why designers want to leave the drawing conclusions part t
makes content presentation more interesting and engaging. Overall effectiveness of
.sClosure depends on the amount of visual clues given to user
:
ontinuityC
There is a tendency to perceive a line continuing its established direction. This
principle is considered to be one of the most important among other five, because itastest application in design. This principle is applied not only in web designhas the v
but also in interior design, design of clothes, landscape gardening design,
architecture etc. In architecture Continuity Law can be traced easily in all styles
oancient Greek and up to the Postmodern and Art Decstarting from the
may suggest the person who is looking at it,dPatterns with Continuity law applie
that the pattern “continues” even after the end of the physical pattern itself, i.e. our
lines between various elements of the design if therebrain can trace the connecting
function enables us to see some elements slightly different from-are none. This brain
what they are in reality, this is our “personal Photoshop” that fills in the picture with
to see picture in the whole but not separate parts.some elements, allowing us
Gestalt psychology tries to understand how people perceive the pattern instead of
.many separate parts
The IBM logo is created of
horizontal lines though we
perceive it as a complete
image, but not as a set of
diverse lines
No need to draw
additional lines in the
WWF Logo to see the
whole image of panda:
On both logos, shapes are placed near one another, but, as you can see, none of the shapes actually touch,
this causes us to think a bow-tie or a peacock is present (someone can see some other image, because image
perception depends on the perception of an individual)
The edge of any shape continues
into the space and meets up with
other shapes or the edges of
other plane.
This principle of organization
presumes that there is a
tendency to perceive a line as a
continuation of its established
direction
.When two lines of objects
intersect, the continuation of
each line is apparent.
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applied :theories3.3 gestalt
therapy:Gestalt)!
is an existential/experiential form of psychotherapy that emphasizes personal
responsibility, and that focuses upon the individual's experience in the present
ironmental and social contextsclient relationship, the env-moment, the therapist
regulating adjustments people make as a result of-of a person's life, and the self
.their overall situation
.strategiestheoretical-Field
“The field” can be considered in two ways. There are ontological dimensions and
re are phenomenological dimensions to one’s field. The phenomenologicalthe
dimensions are all those physical and environmental contexts in which we liveand move. They might be the office in which one works, the house in which one
of which one is a citizen, and so forth. The ontologicallives, the city and country
field is the objective reality that supports our physical existence. The ontological
dimensions are all mental and physical dynamics that contribute to a person’s
not merely elements of the—riencesense of self, one’s subjective expe
environmental context. These might be the memory of an uncle’s inappropriate
affection, one’s color blindness, one’s sense of the social matrix in operation at
alt therapiststhe office in which one works, and so forth. The way that Gest
choose to work with field dynamics makes what they do strategic.[18] Gestalt
therapy focuses upon character structure; according to Gestalt theory, the
character structure is dynamic rather than fixed in nature. To become aware ofacter structure, the focus is upon the phenomenological dimensions inone's char
the context of the ontological dimensions
design:Interior2)
Continuity / similarity
Similarity / a proximity
Ground / figure ground
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4) graphic design
Continuity
Closure
ClosureContinuity / focal point
Figure / ground / similarity /
arallelism
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Conclusion:
-student a vocabulary forcanpsychologyof gestaltprinciplesKnowing the-of their designs and any other designdimensionsvisualtheanalyzing
-
-brain groupshumangestalt theory focuses on cognitive perception : how-
sdistinct shape
-
-characterindividualconcerns as therhetoricalgestalt theory is not about-
on . that is gestal, and soof a speaker or audience , human emotions
characteristicssome of the most importantaddressdoes nott psychology
for believe and for feeling emotionscapacitiesthat make us human ; our
:References
design and graphicsteachinggestalt theory forsingU-
ArkansasPatrice Moore /the university of
http://www.public.asu.edu/~kheenan/courses/372/sp03/gestalttheory%2
0teaching.pdf
-research-ew/39do/overvi-we-http://gestaltrevision.be/en/what
organization-ground-figure-level/60-areas/mid
the designers guide to Gestalt theory-
-gestalt-guide-s-design/designer-http://www.creativebloq.com/graphic
10134960-theory
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Gestalt Principles Applied in Design-
design-in-applied-principles-http://sixrevisions.com/web_design/gestalt
Symmetry in Design: Concepts, Tips and Examples-
design-http://sixrevisions.com/web_design/symmetry
Gestalt Principle: The Law of Similarity & Anomaly
-of -law-the-principles-design-http://jeremybolton.com/2009/10/gestalt
anomaly-similarity/
How Close…Gestalt Law of Closure [Die Gestalt im Design]-
-law-closure-r.com/2012/05/23/gestalthttp://blog.templatemonste
templates/-templatemonster
-
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