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Getting Started in the Kitchen
Choosing a recipe
Recipe: set of instructions for preparing a specific food Yield: number of average servings the recipe
makesAlways read through the recipe before you start
Abbreviations
t or tsp – teaspoonT or Tbsp –
TablespoonC or c – cuppt – pintqt. – quartoz or OZ – ouncelb or # - pound
min. – minute (60 seconds)
hr – hour (60 minutes)mL – milliliter L – literg – gramkg – kilogram
Cooking terms See your 6 worksheets
Using Microwave Recipes
Cooking time: microwave recipe refers to the total amount of time food is exposed to microwave energy Shorter time and in intervalsWatts: microwave cooking power, the higher the faster it
will cookDehydration: dry out - over cooking the foodStanding time: time during which foods finish cooking by
internal heat after being removed from a microwave oven Covering food
Distributes heat more evenlyHelp retain moistureSteam helps speed up cooking time and tenderize foods
Using Microwave Recipes cont.
Browning techniquesBrowning will not happen without browning agents
Evenness of cookingFood round and same size will cook evenlyTurntable helps distribute microwaves evenly to
foodHot spots: uneven distribution of microwaves
may cause some foods cooked in a microwave oven
Stir food partway Shielding - covering corners with aluminum foil
Using Microwave Recipes cont.Converting recipes for microwave use
Reduce amount of liquid by 1/3Eliminate cooking oils and fats unless they
provide flavor or consistency Half the amount of seasoningsPower level - most foods are on high
Medium-high - delicate foods (cheese, eggs, and milk products)
1/4 of the conventional cooking time
High-altitude Cooking Pressure decreasesWater boils at lower
temp therefore will require more cooking time
Water evaporates quicker
Cakes and beads tend to rise more
Measuring Ingredients Dry ingredients
Example - flourSpoon ingredient into cups
until it over flowsDo not shake or tap the cup Use straight edge spatula to
level offSifted - use the sifter before
you spoon in Brown sugar - need to be
packed, needs to keep its shape - sandcastle
Measuring Ingredients cont. Liquid ingredients
Set on flat level surfaceLook at the cup at eye level Pour liquid into cup slowly
Measuring Ingredients cont.
Fats Example - butter, Crisco Use dry measuring cups - fill with rubber
spatula , level off, use rubber spatula to remove
Water displacement method - use 1 cup of water, then fill with fat until the water level reaches the increased level that you want
Sticks - cut off the number of tablespoon of butter you need Not the most accurate
Adjusting recipes
Changing yieldMeasuring
equivalents May need to double
or cut a recipe in half
3 tsp = 1 Tbsp 4 Tbsp = ¼ c 5 1/3 Tbsp = 1/3 c 8 Tbsp = ½ c 16 Tbsp = 1 c 2 c = 1 pt 2 pt = 1 qt 4 qt = 1 gal
16 oz = 1 lb 8 fl oz = 1c 2 Tbsp = 1 fl oz
Conventional Measure
Conventional Equivalent
Approximate Metric Equivalent
¼ tsp 1 ml
½ tsp 2 ml
1 tsp 5 ml
3 tsp 1tbsp 15 ml
2 tbsp 1/8 c 30 ml
4 tbsp ¼ c 50 ml
5 1/3 tbsp 1/3 c 75 ml
8 tbsp ½ c 125 ml
10 2/3 tbsp 2/3 c 150 ml
12 tbsp ¾ c 175 ml
16 tbsp 1 c or ½ pt 250 ml
2 c 1 pt 500 ml
4 c 1qt 1 L
Ingredient substitutesMissing a recipe ingredient – use a
substituteNeed 1 tablespoon cornstarch for
thickening? Use 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour.
Need 2 cups tomato juice? Use 1/2 cup tomato sauce plus 1/2 cup water.
Need 1 small onion? Use 1/8 teaspoon onion powder or 1 tablespoon dried minced onion.
Need 1 garlic clove? Use 1/8 teaspoon garlic powder.
Need 1 tablespoon fresh shipped herbs? Use 1 teaspoon dried herbs, crushed.
Need 1 square (1 oz.) unsweetened chocolate? Use 3 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa powder plus 1 tablespoon shortening.
Use internet for more ideas
Using a time-work schedule Time-work schedule: written plan that
list time for ding specific tasks to prepare a meal or food product
Look at your recipe and break everything up into steps
Then give each of these steps a time frameTake the time that you want your food to
be served and work backwards - look at the last step you need to do and write down the time that it needs to be started at
Using a time-work schedule cont. Dovetail: means to overlap tasks to use
your time more efficientlyHave help in the kitchen, when more
people are working more things get done
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