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ghazis• Warriors for Islam.
• Under the leadership of an emir, chief commander.
• Followed strict Islamic code of conduct.
• Raided those who did not believe in Islam.
• OSMAN: MOST SUCCESSFUL GHAZI.
• AKA OTHMAN.
• FOLLOWERS BECAME KNOWN AS “OTTOMANS”.
• Started on Anatolia Peninsula.
• Military success was based on gunpowder. First people to use canons as offensive weapons.
• Orkan I: Osman’s son.
• Declared himself “SULTAN”, MEANING “OVERLORD” OR “ONE WITH POWER”.
• Captured Adrianople.
• Injured by an arrow in the leg.
• Burned Baghdad to the ground.
• Crushed Ottoman forces halting the expansion of the Ottoman Empire.
• Moved on to China. . . . .
• Civil war broke out among the 4 sons of the Ottoman Emperor. . . .
Started the expansion
of the Ottoman Empire.
• AT THE AGE OF 21, HE DECIDED HE WANTED CONTROL OF THE BOSPORUS STRAIT. . . . .
• “GIVE ME CONSTANTINOPLE!!”
• Used Cannons:
• 26-feet long, 1,200 lb boulders
• Huge Chain caused a HUGE PROBLEM. . .
• SOLUTION:
• Drag 70 ships over a hill on greased runners. . . .
• Constantinople was now being attacked by two sides. . .they lasted 7 weeks.
• This opened Constantinople to new citizens. . . .
• Mehmed’s Grandson
• Effective ruler & general.
• Defeated the Safavid’s at the Battle of Chaldrian. . . .
• Then captured Mecca, Medina & Cairo.
• Ruled for 46 Years.
• Superb military leader.
• Conquered. . . . .
• Belgrade, Rhodes, Tripoli, North Africa, Hungary & Austria.
• MOST POWERFUL MONARCH ON EARTH!!!!!
• Created a law code to handle both criminal & civil actions.
• Simplified taxation & reduced government bureaucracy.
• 20,000 slaves were part of devshirme system.
• Sultan’s army drafted boys from the peoples of conquered Christian territories, educated them, converted them to Islam & trained them as soldiers.
• Janissaries: elite force of 30,000 soldiers trained to be loyal to the sultan ONLY.
•Suleyman the Lawgiver:• Law code outlined penalties for various criminal acts.• He tried to reduce bribes.• He did not allow imprisonment without a trial.• He rejected promotions that were not based on merit.
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