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Ghislain DevroedeGhislain DevroedeDépartement de chirurgieDépartement de chirurgieFaculté de médecine et des Sciences de la Faculté de médecine et des Sciences de la SantéSantéUniversité de SherbrookeQuébec, Canada
Surgery for constipation
Surgical results are frequently disappointing in chronic idiopathic constipation :
– Anorectal myotomy
– Segmental colectomy
– Total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis
Marthe
A thirty one years follow up…
Marthe
MARCH 29, 1981
REASON FOR CONSULTATION : SEVERE CONSTIPATION « Always » 1 stool / 2 months Slow transit constipation
GASTROENTEROLOGY CONSULTATION : TOTAL COLECTOMY ?
Prevalence of sexual abuse in thepast history of patients with functional lower
gastrointestinal tract disorders
40
10
0
30
20
50
PERCENTAGEABUSEDPATIENTS
SOURCE :
p = NS
ANORECTAL MANOMETRY (n = 79)
UNIVERSITY COLORECTAL PRACTICE (n = 111)
PRIVATE PRACTICE GASTROENTEROLOGY (n = 154)
NORTH CAROLINA GASTROENTEROGICAL PRACTICE (n = 75)
%
Somatizationis not
Imagination
The Ancestors’ Syndrome(Anne Ancelin Schützenberger)
Routledge Editors
Nurturing carries as much impact as nature on the Irritable Bowel Syndrome
(Rona Levy, GASTROENTEROLOGY)
Sacral nerve stimulationfor slow transit constipation
Patients : Failure of standard treatment
including biofeedback
Duration of constipation : 9 – 47 years (31)
Stool frequency : 1 per 2 – 21 days (6)
________________________________________
Results : Site of SNS : S3 (6 on left)
Results of SNS : Cure 1
Relief 1
No normalization of colonic transit
MALOUF 2002
n = 8 WOMEN
Sacral nerve stimulationfor slow transit constipation
Patients : Failure of standard treatment,
including biofeedback
Duration of constipation : 2 – 45 years (24)
Stool frequency : 0.8 + 1.1/week
DINNING 2006
(n = 8 WOMEN)
10
Baseline PNE
STOOL FREQUENCY
ROME II IBS EXCLUDED
Sacral nerve stimulationfor slow transit constipation
DINNING 2006
n = 8
5
N / WEEK
***
1
Baseline PNE
HIGH – AMPLITUDE PROPAGATING PRESSURE WAVES
ANTEGRADE INCREASE IN RIGHT AND LEFT COLON (S3)RETROGRADE INCREASE LIMITED TO THE RIGHT COLON (S2)
Sacral nerve stimulationfor slow transit constipation
DINNING 2006
n = 8
0.5
N / HOUR
**
Sacral nerve stimulationfor intractable constipation
KAMM 2010
MULTICENTRIC
(5 CENTERS)
TEST STIMULATION : 62 (55 females)
CHRONIC STIMULATION : 45 (73%)
SUCCESSES : 39 (87% of 45)
BEFORE SNS AFTER SNS
STOOL FREQUENCY 2.3 6.6 (p < 0.001)
(per week)
DAYS WITH DEFECATION 2.3 4.8 (p < 0.001)
(per week)
TOILETING TIME 10.5 5.7 (p < 0.001)
(min)
CLEVELAND CLINIC 18 10 (p < 0.001)
CONSTIPATION SCORE
DELAYED MARKERS TRANSIT 20 9 (p = 0.014)
Sacral nerve stimulationfor intractable constipation
KAMM 2010
Questions about colorectal transit time
Technique : Multiple markers ingestion – single Xray of abdomen
Duration : 5 days (No steady state conditions)
Abnormality : 12 / 62 with normal transit time
Segments : No evaluation of segmental colonic transit
Paired evaluation : 23 / 62
Transit : No change in stool frequency if no change in transit
_______________________________________
Questions about follow up duration
Before enrollment : 1 – 60 years (median of 10)
After SNS : 1 – 55 months (median of 28)
Sacral nerve stimulation for idiopathicchronic slow transit constipation
SUCCESSES : n = 3 (0 neurological)
FAILURES : n = 7 (3 neurological)
DEVROEDE 2012
SUCCESSES
Sacral nerve stimulation for idiopathic chronic slow transit constipation
CONSULTATION : 06/02/2006
•Constipation from birth
•One stool / 3 – 4 weeks; plugging the toilet bowl
•Vasodilation of left hemi-abdomen
from the spine to the xiphoid-pubis line
•Evaluation : megarectum (770 cc)
anismus corrected by biofeedback
R.L.
MALE
PROBAND
Sacral nerve stimulation for idiopathic chronic slow transit constipation
• Left PNS (1 week) : 1 – 2 stools / day
• Right PNS : no effect (technical ?)
• Left PNS (2 weeks): - 1 – 2 stools / day for 5 days
with markers progression
- unplugging in door handle
- 0 stool 0 markers progression
• SNS : 1 – 3 stools/day (3 years follow up)
R.L.
MALE
Sacral nerve stimulation for idiopathic chronic slow transit constipation
• Constipation since childhood
• Up to 37 days without defecation
• Neurogenic bladder : 4 – 5 catheterizations per day
J.T.
FEMALE
7 DAYS AFTER INGESTION
2008 / 2010 / 2011RIGHT COLON EMPTIES WELL
DAILY STOOLS (1 – 3)ORGASMIC EXPERIENCESSPONTANEOUS VOIDING (5 – 6 / DAY ; NO MORE CATHETERIZATION)
10
Sacral nerve stimulation for idiopathic chronic slow transit constipation
J.T.
20
N MARKERS
1
2012 POST SNS
Sacral nerve stimulation for fecal incontinence by pudendal neuropathy
REASON FOR CONSULTATION
(12/9/2002)
•Constipation : 1 stool / 20 days
following the death of her father
•Fecal incontinence : Wexner score 11 / 20
(2 – 0 – 3 – 3 – 3)
D.D.
Sacral nerve stimulation for fecal incontinence by pudendal neuropathyAnorectal manometry
Normal resting pressures : 24/ 67/ 56 (cm H20)
Voluntary contraction : weak 0 /+21/+83 (cm H20)
Anismus : +25 /+16/+79 (cm H20)
corrected by biofeedback
Rectal accomodation : microrectum 80 ml
normal sensation
Anal EMG Pudendal neuropathy
polyphasic units
PNTML 2.5 ms, and weak (right)
Radiopaque markers transit :
Delay in left colon (25 / 74/ 10 // 109) (hours)
PNE Left (13/4/2005) Wexner 0 / 20
Daily stool
Right (27/4/2005) Wexner 9 / 20
Constipation
D.D.
Sacral nerve stimulation for fecal incontinence by pudendal neuropathy
14/7/2005 LEFT SNS
(1st trial failed on 16/6/2005)
11/10/2012 Wexner 0/20
Stools went
from 1 – 2 / month
to 2 – 3 / day
Never orgasmic during penetration before SNS
Orgasmic during penetration after SNS
(retrospective finding)
D.D.
Laxative anorexia
RC : 17/1/2006 Severe constipation
1 stool / 14 days (Zelnorm)
4 stools / 19 days (no medication)
Markers transit
1. 3 days (transit time : 45 hours)
2. 20 / 20 markers retained
6 days after ingestion
(transit time > 144 hours)
3. Same as 2.
No menstruation
Anal electromyography : Mild anismus
V.G.
PNS : Left (24/11/2006) – Right (8/12/2006) = Failures
2008 : Malone
2009 : Malone undone
2010 : Suicidal attempt
Transfer to psychiatry
Diagnosis of laxative anorexia
2012 : Prucalopride
Occasional stool
Laxative anorexiaV.G.
Constipationis not a sign which canbe evaluated
scientifically.
It is merelya symptom !
Sacral NeurostimulationSacral Neurostimulationin Constipation :in Constipation :
It may work.It may work.
But when is it reasonable ???But when is it reasonable ???
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