Grass Physiology ó Grazing Management · 2017. 6. 29. · A prescription for grazing: üPasture...

Geoff Brink USDA – Agricultural Research Service

Grass Physiology ó

Grazing Management

Bunch Rhizomatous Orchardgrass Reed canarygrass Tall fescue Smooth bromegrass Meadow fescue Kentucky bluegrass Timothy Quackgrass Festulolium Meadow bromegrass Ryegrasses

Primary tiller

Axillary bud Growing point

Orchardgrass (bunch)

Secondary tillers

Quackgrass (rhizomatous)

Growing point

Primary tiller

Rhizome

Secondary tiller

Growing point – the leaf producing “engine”

1st leaf 2nd leaf

Orchardgrass (bunch)

3rd leaf 4th (1st) leaf

5th (2nd) leaf 6th (3rd) leaf

7th (4th) leaf

Days of growth

Pasture production

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Vegetative stage 10 – 16 in. tall 3 – 4 leaves

(max photosynthesis)

Days of growth

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Mature stage > 20 in. tall 4 – 5 leaves

(senescence)

Pasture production

Carbohydrates Produced by leaves; stored in stem bases, rhizomes, and roots.

• Keep plant alive during stress (after grazing, night, drought, winter). • Needed to grow new leaves, tillers, roots.

The plant’s “to-do list” after grazing

3. Grow new tillers

1. Produce new leaves

2. Replace fine roots

3 – 4 in. residue

leaf area

1 – 2 in. residue

Residue (in.)

No. grazing events

Average rotation time

(days)

Average rotation yield

(lb/acre)

Annual yield

(lb/acre)

Date grass reached 12 in.

next year

1½ 4 44 1250 5000 May 11

3 6 32 900 5400 May 4

6 6 24 750 4500 April 28

Residue effects on vegetative orchardgrass

Tillers (no./ft2)

Residue effects on meadow fescue survival

Residue height (in.)

25% loss

Residue (in.)

No. grazing events

Average rotation (days)

Annual yield (lb/acre)

3 3 73 6400

6 3 62 5700

12 3 60 5500

Residue effects on mature orchardgrass.

Residue height and hay harvest

4 in. residue 2 in. residue

Meadow fescue after cutting for hay for 2 years.

The dog days of summer,

and the perils of winter.

May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

July grazing ht. Yield (lb/A)

Grazing frequency effects on orchardgrass yield

May June August

6 in.2 in.

Residue height of last grazing (October) and orchardgrass yield in 2012.

Yield (lb/A)

Wrong time

Too often

Too short

A prescription for grazing:

ü Pasture productivity and persistence of vegetative grass will likely be reduced in the current season and/or the next by grazing to a short residue.

ü The negative effects of grazing vegetative grass to a short residue will be amplified when grass is stressed (previous grazing, drought, winter).

Grass Physiology ó Grazing Management · 2017. 6. 29. · A prescription for grazing: üPasture...

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