Greek Philosophy World History - Libertyville HS
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- Slide 1
- Greek Philosophy World History - Libertyville HS
- Slide 2
- What is philosophy? Literally means Lover of Wisdom Attempt to
explain & describe world around us rationally or logically
Difference between philosophy & religion: religion involves
notion of God(s) and faith
- Slide 3
- Socrates (470-399 BC) Athenian philosopher Beliefs All people
should try to do good People who failed to do good were either
ignorant or evil One has an obligation to disobey a bad command
Believed in virtue as a key characteristic Advocated republics led
by a philosopher-King
- Slide 4
- Life of Socrates Lived during Peloponnesian War, in which he
fought Traveled Greece as a wandering philosopher Taught in
exchange, for food / clothing Sentenced to death by Athenian
democracy Corrupting Athenian youth He had upset powerful people
Sentenced to death by his own hand drank hemlock (poison)
- Slide 5
- Plato (428-347 BC) Devoted student of Socrates After his death,
Plato traveled the known world (Italy, Sicily, Egypt) teaching in
style of Socrates Returned to Athens and founded school outside of
city the Academy Taught there for rest of his life Academy
continued until 529 AD, when it was closed by Roman Emperor;
considered a threat to spread of Christianity
- Slide 6
- Platos Beliefs Wrote and expanded upon Socrates teaching Wrote
The Republic Showed an idealized form of government led by
philosopher king Explicitly rejected Athenian democracy, b/c so few
were fit to rule Also wrote about conflict between nature and
nurture His writings were treasured by Eastern RE, Muslims
- Slide 7
- Aristotle (384-322 BC) Studied with Plato at the Academy After
Platos death, he taught kids of several royal families Invited to
teach Alexander of Macedon Taught him for 5 years Had great
influence on Alexanders thinking Upon Alexanders elevation to
throne, Aristotle returned to Greece to found the Lyceum
- Slide 8
- Aristotles Teaching Wrote about everything from logic /
reasoning to physical sciences Focused on balancing between
competing bad impulses (vices) to find virtue Advocated continuous
good behavior rather than specific good acts Also emphasized
situational ethics (whats good at one time might not be in
another)
- Slide 9
- Influence of Aristotle Most influential ancient Greek
philosopher on Western thought Considered The Philosopher by
medieval western scholars Also had profound influence on Muslim
philosophers His ideas and methodology were basis of Scientific
Method Arabic Aristotle teaching (R)