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ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURES
Group 9Syed Waqas
Col Tahir Mahmood
Aurangzeb Marwat
Subhani Minahs
Sheraz Tufail
Favad Qaiser
Why to Have a Structure?
All businesses have to organise based upon their working.
A clear structure makes it easier to see which part of the business does what
Helps to make analysis and Optimization of a particular task or department
Some Key Terms
Flat or tall structure Span of control Chain of command Hierarchy Delegation of resources Empowerment
Ways to Structure a Business Many ways in which a company can be structured
(no hard and fast rule)
depends on the business type, size and structure used
Some of the common Business structures are
By function By product or activity By area By Matrix By customer By process
Functional Structure
Chief Executive
Accounts HR IT operations Production Planning
arranging the business according to what each section or department does
Functional Structure
Advantages Specialisation – each department focuses on its own
work Accountability -someone is responsible for the section Clarity – know your and others’ rolesDisadvantages Closed communication could lead to lack of focus Departments can become resistant to change Coordination may take too long Gap between top and bottom
An Example of Organisation by Product/Activity
Hewlett Packard
Imaging and Printing Group
Personal system Group
Enterprise System Group
HP Services HP financial Services
Organisation by Product/Activity
Advantages Clear focus on market segment helps meet customers’
needs Positive competition between divisions Better control as each division can act as separate profit
centre
Disadvantages Duplication of functions (e.g. different sales force for each
division) Negative effects of competition Lack of central control over each separate division
HP world wide
Americas Houston, Texas
Europe, Middle East, Africa
Geneva, Switzerland
Asia Pacific Hong Kong
Organisation by Area
Organisation by Area
Advantages Serve local needs better Positive competition More effective communication between firm and local
customers
Disadvantages Conflict between local and central management Duplication of resources and functions
emerged in the 1970’s as an effort to restructure inefficient organizational structures to support the more efficient project-based management
Organisation by Matrix
Other Organisational Structures
By Customer:
Similar effects to structuring by product
By Process:
Similar to structuring by function
Layout Diagram -Datacenter
Typical Data Centre Structure
In charge
OS Admin Facility manager
Security manager
Customer Service
manager
Database manager
Application manager
Marketing manager
Organisational Issues in a Data Centre Environment
Data Centre Hierarchy poses latency, while most of the operations require complete independence of operations
Super specialization of own areas vs. Generalization of fields poses major organizational issues
Bigger data centres have matrix organizational structure reducing unity of command
Customer service issues (latency of response) in a typical hierarchical data centre organization
Steps for Data Centre
Analyzing Market research Planning Choosing the right model/equipment among
the available. Choosing the right place. Getting soil tests and other pre requisites for
the selected site.
Steps of Feasisbility
Questions
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