View
217
Download
1
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
H860 Reading Difficulties
Week 11
RD and Linguistic Diversity
Today’s session
1. Online memo feedback2. Brief return to fluency3. ELLs and RD4. Break5.
Online memo
In terms of getting to grips with the topic, was the online memo more or less useful than the offline memos?
A. I learnt more through the online memo
B. I learnt more through the offline memos
C. I learnt about the same
Thoughts about posting to the group
Thin
k m
ore
abou
t the.
..
Thin
k m
ore
abou
t the.
..
Did
n’t re
ally
chan
ge...
Oth
er
0% 0%0%0%
A. Think more about the assignment than usual, in a productive way
B. Think more about the assignment than usual, in a stressful way
C. Didn’t really change how I approached the assignment
D. Other
Knowing the class would read my contribution made me:
Final projects update
• Poster day• Paragraph plan checking
Today’s session
1. Online memo feedback2. Brief return to fluency3. ELLs and RD4. Break5.
Today’s session
1. Online memo feedback2. Brief return to fluency3. ELLs and RD4. The wider demands of academic
language
Our collective experiences of language diversity
Some wider, sobering background
• Language minorities are under-represented in programs for gifted and talented
• Language minorities are over-represented in certain special education categories: – Learning disabilities– Mental retardation– Emotional disturbance
• BUT, they are identified for special ed. 2-3 years later than language majority students
Reading Disability or ELL difficulty?
• Identifying specific reading disabilities in a monolingual context is easy, right?!
Reading Disability or ELL difficulty?
Enter the English-language-learner (ELL)…
• Reading is behind their native English peers• Is a specific reading disability present?
Geva: phonological processing difficulties are a hallmark of dyslexia across languages…
…so we just administer the CTOPP?
CTOPP recap
For ages 5-6 For ages 7-24
Phonological awareness: •Elision•Blending words•Sound matching
Phonological memory:•Memory for digits•Nonword repetition
Rapid naming:•Rapid Color Naming•Rapid Object Naming
Phonological memory:•Memory for digits•Nonword repetition
Phonological awareness: •Elision•Blending words•Blending Nonwords•Segmenting Nonwords
Supplemental Subtests:•Phoneme Reversal•Segmenting Words
Rapid Naming:•Rapid Digit Naming•Rapid Letter Naming•Rapid Color Naming•Rapid Object Naming
Supplemental Subtest:•Blending Nonwords
How helpful would the CTOPP be in determining whether my ELL student has dyslexia?
Bec
ause
it is
larg
ely.
..
Giv
en th
e Englis
h-ba
..
I’m
not s
ure!
33% 33%33%1. Because it is largely
based on sounds, not large chunks of language, it would be a fair (not perfect) measure of my student’s PA
2. Given the English-base of the test, it would be really hard to interpret, thus not so useful
3. I’m not sure!
TOPPS
• Spanish version matched on:- number of syllables and phonemes- position of manipulation
• http://www.cal.org/acquiringliteracy/assessments/index.html
• What kind of Spanish?
Specific Reading Disability vs. ELL diffs?
• We can start to approximate phonological processing skills
Other (proximal) things to consider when assessing…
• Fatigue• Multiple assessment/portfolio approach• Rigby• Error analysis e.g.
– Decoding• Grammar/phonics mistakes that are
language based• Native pronunciation of identically spelled
words
Other (proximal) things to consider when assessing…
• Emerging cognate assessments
Week 7
Recap from HT-820
• The Bilingual Verbal Ability Tests (BVAT)
• Translated into: Arabic, Chinese (Simplified and Traditional), English, French, German, Haitian-Creole, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Turkish, and Vietnamese
• Based on the Woodcock-Johnson-Revised (1989) Cognitive Battery:
– Picture Vocabulary– Oral Vocabulary: Synonyms– Oral Vocabulary: Antonyms– Verbal Analogies
Week 7
Half-way-there solution
• Administration of all the subtests in the English language first.
• Each item failed in English is re-administered in the
native language. • Total score is items correct from both languages
combined.
• Sadly, still issues e.g. - Cultural bias in some pictures
- Norms compiled from administration of all items, but some translations have reduced item numbers
- Complexity across tests very uneven, causing content validity issues
Week 7
Going Further
Week 7
Dynamic assessment revisited
• Goal of DA: “to establish the amount of change that can be induced during interactions with the examiner during the assessment process”
• Methods for DA of language:
a) Testing the limitsb) Graduated prompting
c) Test-teach-retest
Determine readiness for progress In intervention
Differentiate disorders fromdifferences
Week 7
Case Studies
Child A, 4 years• Spoke mainly Spanish, using single words• EOWPVT-R SS = 67, Preschool Language
Scales (adapted), 4/10 items
Child B, 4;6years• Spoke mainly Spanish, using words, phrases
and sentences• EOWPVT-R SS = 71, PLS 7/10
Week 7
Case Studies
Week 7
Learning Strategies Checklist
Week 7
Case Studies
Child A• Motivated and attentive, but little quantitative change
in pre/post test scores (some qualitative change). Little generalization so future goals were to work on this, as well as helping A understand her correct vs. incorrect responses
• Probable language-learning problem and inconsistent use of strategies
Child B
• Gained maximum modifiability score. DA enabled her to expressive vocabulary performance and demonstrate
true abilities
Week 7
DA Summary
• Measures of change such as gain scores, modifiability and qualitative change are extremely useful in differentiating language difference from disorder
• But remember gain scores may not be equal across the same test and in normal distributions, the centre point is more stable than the tails.
****
• DA results in high validity, low reliability (same issue with reading comprehension)
Other (distal) things to consider when assessing…
• Consider background knowledge of child• Get perspective from parents • Has the child has gaps in schooling?
• http://www.ldldproject.net/model.html
Summary so far
• Phonological difficulties across languages is red flag for specific reading disability
• BUT, certainty of identification is hard…
…Response-to-Intervention may be a particularly useful model as a result
And what is our intervention?
The favorite five:
1. Phonemic awareness2. Phonics3. Fluency4. Vocabulary5. Text comprehension
…with adjustments
The challenges of academic language
Schleppegrell
‘‘tell about one thing only and in such a way that it sounds important’’
• Formal style that is very different to conversational style
• Most familiar to children from middle-class homes
Teaching academic language in schools
• http://dww.ed.gov/see/see.cfm?PA_ID=6&T_ID=13&P_ID=23&rID=2
Academic language
• Also a challenge for some African-American students – see Charity article.
Peer learning
• HGSE twist – using virtual worlds to intensify/specialize the learning experience
• River City Project• Open example: Second Life
Break
Recommended