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Hardware Design Experiences in ZebraNet. [ZSLM04] - Princeton University Sensys ‘04 Presented By: Jay Taneja. Mpala Research Centre. Application: Animal Tracking - Use collars with GPS to take periodic readings in order to support biologists monitoring the walking patterns of zebras in Kenya. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Hardware Design Experiences in ZebraNet
[ZSLM04] - Princeton University Sensys ‘04
Presented By: Jay Taneja
Mpala Research Centre
• Application: Animal Tracking - Use collars with GPS to take periodic readings in order to support biologists monitoring the walking patterns of zebras in Kenya
ZebraNet Design Space
• Mobile Sensor System• Sparse Network Coverage• High Energy Sensors (GPS)
ZebraNet is unlike any other deployment, requiring custom hardware and software
Goals for ZebraNet
• Three Primary Goals• Collect detailed, accurate position logs of each
zebra• Have a high data recovery rate (Redwoods?)• Autonomous Operation
Moo.
Hardware Evolution
Another Important Evolution
• Change of -controller• Lower power usage (switching clocks)
• 750 mA-hr/day, 20 MHz Hitachi SH1 too greedy• TI MSP430F149 allows multiple clocks (32 KHz, 8
MHz) • Ease of software development (16-bit)• Ability to have 100% duty cycle
• 32 KHz clock consumes 0.05 mA more than sleep
Important Features
• Nodes obtain GPS reading every 8 minutes• GPS can sync to global clock allowing for
efficient TDMA scheme• Nodes attempt to send
information over radio (multi-hop) every 2 hours
• All data logged to onboard flash (local as well as received - latency, shmlatency)
% of Successful Receive vs. Distance
No spell checkon figures
Solar Power Analysis
A Thousand Words
GPS Data for 1 Zebra Over 24 Hours
Conclusions
• Hardware choice worked very well for sparse node-to-node communication
• Simplicity of software environment dictated -controller choice
• Details matter in WSN power management
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