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Harnessing gender equality within NDC process for accelerating developmental outcomes
Mainstreaming gender within the NDC process: entry points and ways forward
RATIONALE
Areas or sectors where women are referenced within national climate change priorities
• Out of 161 NDCs submitted, as of April 2016, 40% countries made at least one reference to gender equality or women.
• A critical oversight in the INDC process becomes an opportunity for enhancing the NDC by 2020
Source: Gender Equality in National Climate Action: Planning for Gender-Responsive Nationally Determined Contributionshttps://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/womens-empowerment/gender-equality-in-national-climate-action--planning-for-gender-.html
IN-DEPTH GENDER ANALYSIS
• Helps to better understand gender differentiated impacts of climate change within key climate related sectors, to inform policy
• Supports engagement of relevant stakeholders to take into account different needs and opportunities to improve interventions
Challenges: - Lack of sex-disaggregated data and
information in relevant climate sectors- Need for more sufficient budget
allocation to implement gender-responsive actions identified in the planning process
- Better institutional coordination among actors at both horizontal and vertical levels involved in the NDC process
Entry points to integrate gender within NDCs to inform gender analysis
- Assess institutional gender equality frameworks and coordination mechanisms
- Integrate gender equality into climate change policy and planning instruments and processes
- Examine capacity building needs of institutions and non-state actors
- Sex-disaggregated data and indicators
- Dedicated financial resources
Multidimensional, integrated approach ensures gender equality is considered systematically and in a mutually reinforcing manner
Governance
PlanningPolicy
NDC = PLATFORM /
DRIVER
Dual leadership
1. Climate change unit/Ministry of Environment
2. National gender institution
EcuadorGOVERNANCE ON GENDER–RESPONSIVE NDC
Content:
1. Network for Governance on Gender and Climate Change
2. Capacities for Governance
3. Consultation Process
1. Network for Governance on Gender and Climate Change
NDC Gender Strategy
CLIMATE CHANGE
GOVERNANCE
GENDER MECHANISM
TECHNICAL SUPPORT
WOMEN`s ORGANIZATIONS
11 Government Institutions
AME Ecuadorian Municipal AssociationCONGOPE Consortium of provincial governments
Interinstitutional Committee on Climate Change
Presidency Vice-presidency
Ministry of the Environment
National Agenda for Equality
GENDER ACTION PLAN
AcademicsCooperationNGOs
Technical Table on Gender& Climate Change
Strategic Alliances
Strategic Alliances
NDC-SP
NAPAdaptation
4 NCBUR
NMPMitigation
MRVFinancing
Vulnerability Index
2. Capacities for Governance
✓Integrating gender into climate change policies
✓Institutional support on gender actions
✓Active role for transformingstereotypes and gender roles
✓Contributing to women empowerment and new masculinities
✓Commitment with gender equality
Building capacities with technical personnel:
3. Consultation Process
Equal gender participation
30 workshops
ActorsFrom June to December 2018 there were 30 participatory
workshops for the 11 Adaptation and Mitigation sectors
More tan 1000 actors from around 150 public and private sector, civil
society, cooperation and academia.
ECUADOR`S NDC
Gender Mechanism
TECHNICAL TABLE
Academia and NGOs (18)
NATIONAL ENCOUNTERWomen from national organizations
Gender Mechanism
THANK YOU!!
María Inés Rivadeneira
Gender Specialist, NDC-SP
ines.rivadeneira@ambiente.gob.ec
ECUADOR
Mainstreaming Gender into Planning in the NDC process in GhanaBy Sabia Kpekata: Climate Change and Gender Focal Point
Department of Gender , Ghana
Ghana’s Context: Gender & the NDCs
▪Ghana submitted its nationally determined contributions (GH-NDCs) to the UNFCCC in September 2015 before COP 21 held in Paris in
December the same year
▪Ghana’s NDC is anchored on the anticipated 40-year long-term development, GSGDA, NCCP and many other national policies
▪Ghana’s submitted NDCs contain gender as a focused action
▪There was a priority action on gender and the vulnerable with a priority option on building resilience for such groups placing emphasis
on technology and capacity building which will be of benefit to men, boys, girls and women
ROLE OF EPA, IN MAINSTREAMING GENDER IN THE NDC PLANNING PROCESS IN GHANA
• The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an agency under Ghana’s Ministry of Environment,
Science, Technology and Innovation (MESTI). Under the NDCs, the EPA has responsibility for
managing the gender component of the NDC support Programme in coordination with the
Ministry of Gender, Children & Social Protection.
• The EPA also leads efforts for the development of the NDC Implementation plan and the
Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) tool.
ROLE OF MOGCSP IN MAINSTREAMING GENDERIN THE NDC PROCESS IN GHANA
• The Ministry of Gender, Children & Social Protection(MoGCSP) on the other hand has
responsibility for coordinating and tracking progress on all climate change and gender related
initiatives related to the NDCs.
• As part of this mandate, they are tasked to operationalise a gender and climate change sub-
committee under the National Climate Change Steering Committee.
Integrating gender considerations into the NDC planning process
Ghana’s current draft national NDCs Implementation Plan captures Gender issues under Chapter 13 under the title ‘Gender and the vulnerable’. The focus of this section is to enhance the resilience of women and the vulnerable in NDCs actions through;
❖ Strengthening coordination and collaboration on gender and climate change issues;
❖ Promoting gender climate change nexus research to facilitate evidence-based policy action
❖ Institutionalising capacity building on gender and climate change towards NDC planning and implementation.
These key actions are currently being captured in the Sectorial plans being developed
Integrating gender considerations into the NDC planning process
❖To further facilitate the integration of Gender into the NDC planning process, Ghana conducted gender analysis on its Agriculture and Energy sectors with the view of understanding how these sectors are gender responsive regarding the NDCs actions that were submitted from these sectors
KEY FINDINGS
❖Ghana’s climate change policies such as the National Climate Change Policy (NCCP), the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy as well as policies in the energy and agriculture sectors recognised the importance of Gender Equality in achieving climate goals
❖The gender analysis found strong variations regarding the climate change and gender responsiveness of policies, strategies and plans in the agriculture and energy sectors. Among the two sectors; the Agriculture sector policies are more gender responsive compared to the ones in the energy sector.
❖Weak coordination on climate change and gender related actions;
Integrating gender considerations into the NDC planning process
❖Women’s participation and representation in decision making spaces in the energy and agriculture sectors is woefully inadequate.
❖Women do not have satisfactory access to technical knowledge on agriculture (including information on climate smart agricultural practices) due to numerous barriers to accessing information and profiting from extension services and training.
❖Technical capacity gaps in the public sector to develop and implement gender sensitive climate action; Climate change and its gender dimensions are relatively new concepts. thus, key staff in the Agriculture, Energy and other related sectors have inadequate relevant capacity for the effective mainstreaming of gender and climate change into these sectors
❖Inadequate sex disaggregated data for effective planning, monitoring and evaluation of gender sensitive climate action. The gap in sex disaggregated data is higher for the energy sector compared to the agriculture sector
Recommendations & Opportunities Identified for Integrating Gender Considerations
• Sectorial plans at national and sub national levels that is currently being developed. This will provide an entry point for Integrating gender equality considerations, as well as recognize women’s role as agents of change and key actors within climate action
❖Continuous advocacy and sensitization on the implementation of the National Gender Policy since this document mandates all sectors to have gender effectively mainstreamed into their planning and budgeting.
• Conduct an assessment on the Strategic National Energy Plan II (SNEP), that is under review and extended from 2020 to 2030, to ensure the SNEP data collection tool makes provisions for sex-disaggregated data. This will provide the basis for the Ministry of Energy to better coordinate with Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection (MoGCSP) and the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) to institutionalize the production and analysis of gender statistics in the energy sector in line with the draft
five-year Strategic Plan on Gender Statistics (2018-2022).
• Similarly, it was recommended to create a data hub for the collection of sex-disaggregated data on the nature and impacts of climate change interventions in the energy and agriculture sectors. The hub can potentially be located within the Environmental Protection Agency’s data hub
STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF WOMEN AS AGENTS OF CHANGE
• Involve women in all climate change efforts
• Improve women’s land rights
• Interventions for women should be context specific
• Increasing women’s participation in in climate action related decision making.
• Increase women’s access to climate information including climate smart practices and technologies
CHALLENGES
• Weak coordination on Gender and Climate change issues as the concept is relatively new
• Low representation of women in decision making positions
• Inadequate sex disaggregated data for planning
• Inadequate technical capacity among relevant staff in the area of gender and climate change
• Lack of gender sensitive indicators for monitoring
WAY FORWARD
• Development of a country specific Manual / tool kit on gender and climate change
• Capacity building for actors in the climate change space at the centralised and decentralised level
• Operationalise a gender and climate change coordination framework at all levels
• Establish a data hub to facilitate the collection and use of sex disaggregated data
THANK YOU
Climate Change
Act of 2009
Magna Carta of
Women
Philippine
DRRM Act
Feedback
MAGNA CARTA OF WOMEN of 2009
• Gender mainstreaming was adopted as the strategy to promote and fulfill
women’s human rights and eliminate gender discrimination in their systems,
structures, policies, programs, processes, and procedures.
• 5% GAD budget should be allocated by government agencies annually
CLIMATE CHANGE ACT OF 2009 as amended in
2012 • Created the Climate Change Commission (CCC) mandated to incorporate a
gender-sensitive, pro-children and pro-poor perspective in all climate change and
renewable energy efforts, plans, and programs of the national government and local
government units
• One of the Commissioners of the CCC should be a woman.
• The People’s Survival Fund shall take into account projects responsive to gender-
differentiated vulnerabilities, among other consideration
PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
MANAGEMENT ACT of 2010• Emphasizes that DRR and CC measures should be gender responsive.
Institutionalizes gender analysis in early recovery and post disaster needs
assessments;
• Requires head of Local Gender and Development Offices to be a member
of the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils to ensure
that gender concerns and special needs of women are addressed
GENDER & CLIMATE CHANGE LAWS
Enabling Policies & Institutional Mechanisms
Gender empowerment
in climate action
G
Nurture national &
local capacities on
gender and CC
N
Enable evidence
collection &
knowledge
management
E
Engendering adaptation &
mitigation options in NDC
E
Developing the
Climate Change &
Gender M&E toolkit
D
Recognizing
successes &
challenges
R
Philippine case: Gender Mainstreaming Process in CC
Challenges
1. Lack of gender audit tools to monitor and evaluate gender mainstreaming in climate actions
2. A gender-disaggregated database on the relevant aspects of Philippines’ climate change work
33
Gender Assessment and Monitoringof Mitigation and Adaptation (GAMMA)Gotelind Alber, GenderCC
Gender Assessment and Monitoring of Mitigation and Adaptation (GAMMA)
GAMMA I:Institutional setting & policy
framework(Scorecards, 8 indicators)
GAMMA II:Qualitative assessment of climate
change programme(portfolio screening)
GAMMA III:Analysis of selected policies and
measures(Gender Impact Assessment)
Recommendations to policy-makers
GAMMA I: Institutional settings and policy framework
• Key questions: Are institutions and procedures able to address climate change and integrate the gender dimension?
• Methodology: Interviews with key persons, based on eight indicators and scorecards
1. Climate change integration into
planning, consideration of gender
issues
2. Mainstreaming of climate change
and gender into policies &
institutions
3. Budgeting and finance for gender-
responsive climate policies &
measures
4. Institutional capacity on climate
change & gender
5. Collection and use of data and
climate information
6. Integration of socio-economic
aspects
7. Awareness among key actors and
communication
8. Participation
INDICATOR 1: CLIMATE CHANGE INTEGRATION
INTO PLANNING, AND CONSIDERATION OF
GENDER ISSUES
Is the government incorporating gender into policy making and decision making (gender mainstreaming) in general?
Are climate change initiatives routinely subject to gender analysis or gender impact assessment, and modified, if necessary?
Are specific actions in place to address gender inequalities related to climate change, or to address the specific vulnerabilities, needs and capacities of women? If yes or partly, please specify.
GAMMA I: Examples of scorecards
INDICATOR 2: MAINSTREAMING OF GENDER INTO
CLIMATE CHANGE RELATED INSTITUTIONS AND
POLICIES
Are institutions and policy-makers responsible for gender equality and/or gender mainstreaming involved in developing and implementing climate policies, e.g. as part of cross-departmental climate change bodies or mechanisms?
Is there a Gender Action Plan that involves specific actions to mainstream gender into climate policy, with responsibilities, deadlines and deliverables?
Is there a Gender Focal Point or a Gender Team as part of the governmental body in charge of climate policy?
GAMMA II: Screening of the portfolio of policies
• Key question: Does the climate action programme cover the policies that address priority issues from a gender perspective?
• Methodology: Comparison of action programme with a broad portfolio of possible policies and measures, prioritised from a gender perspective
1. Spatial planning, settlements
and buildings
2. Mobility, transport and transport
infrastructure
3. Energy supply and demand
4. Consumption and waste
management
5. Agriculture / fishery / food
security
6. Biological diversity
7. Disaster Risk Reduction
8. Economic & business activities
9. Human health
10. Tourism
11. Water regime & management
12. Coastal erosion & flooding
Criteria and gender aspects analysed in portfolios
Mitigation
1. Effectiveness to reduce GHG emissions
2. Environmental & social co-benefits or adverse
impacts
3. Potential gender aspects: Improving access to
services and infrastructures; benefits for health,
body, safety; easing care activities; enhancing
decision making power; potential for cost/time
savings.
Adaptation
1. Effectiveness to reduce vulnerabilities
2. Environmental & social co-benefits or adverse
impacts
3. Potential gender aspects: Addressing underlying
causes of vulnerability; enhancing the resilience
of the most vulnerable groups, improved basic
infrastructures and services
GAMMA III: Assessment of specific policies
• Key question: Can the policy or action beimproved in order to contribute to genderequality?
• Methodology: Estimate the effects of the implementation of the policy on gender equality and gender relations, using with guiding questions along gender dimensions
1. What is the current situation in
the relevant field of action?
2. What does the policy seek to
achieve (intended impacts),
what are the activities?
3. What might be unintended
impacts?
4. What are the estimated impacts
on gender relations?
5. How could the policy be
improved?
GAMMA III: Gender Dimensions as spotlightsto detect gender impacts
1. Representation and participation in decision-making
2. Needs for, access to, and control over, resources (food, housing, time, space, services, infrastructures, technologies)
3. Education
4. Care economy
5. Formal, “productive“ economy and income
6. Body, intimacy, health, safety
7. Rights and access to justice
8. Androcentrism and symbolic order
GAMMA III: Examples for assessment questions
Needs for, and access to resources
● Does the policy contribute to better access for all to energy and transport services, water etc.?
● Does it contribute to improving food security?
● Are there gender-specific consumption patterns that need to be considered?
Care economy
● Does the policy acknowledge care work and its value for society?
● Does it relieve women from household chores or does it rather increase time and efforts for family care?
● Does it accommodate coping with day-to-day duties such as shopping, food provision, using public services, managing the waste etc.?
● Does it contribute to the redistribution of care work?
Perspectives
• GAMMA is applied in 14 pilot cities in India, Indonesia, Mexico and South Africa
• GenderCC developed a national version of GAMMA
• GAMMA national is currently tested in Indonesia and South Africa
Thank you
GenderCC-Women for Climate Justice
Global network of women’s organisations, gender experts and activists working for gender & climate justice
www.gendercc.net
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