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Health Services Career Pathway Summit
April 29, 2004
Office of Medical Education
John A. Burns School of Medicine
University of Hawai‘i
Health Services Career Pathway Summit
April 29, 2004
Office of Medical Education
John A. Burns School of Medicine
University of Hawai‘i
Agenda for today…
1. “What is PBL?”
2. A hands-on experience with PBL
3. “What comes next?”
4. The role of the PBL facilitator
5. PBL and the DOE Health Content Standards
Office of Medical EducationUniversity of Hawai‘i John A. Burns School of MedicineOffice of Medical EducationUniversity of Hawai‘i John A. Burns School of Medicine
“What is PBL?”A Brief Introduction to Problem-Based Learning
Imagine yourself...
…back in school as a student
again...
Traditional education
• Many hours of lectures each week.
• Examinations that emphasize the memorization of facts
Traditional education
• In a given day students could have separate classes on many different disciplines
• No clear connections made between coursework and life or their future careers
Welcome to Health
Education
English
Social Studies
Educators have been looking for a better way…
• Create more meaning to the student• Better develop students’ learning skills and
habits• Encourage students to be more active in their
learning• Encourage students to seek out more of the
resources that are available to them• Emphasize understanding and application
rather than just memorization of facts
Now imagine an educational experience where...
• You are learning about various disciplines through the study of cases or stories.
• You are learning primarily via active, small-group methods rather than large group lectures.
• The emphasis is on learning and understanding, not just memorizing facts.
At the School of Medicine…
• We’ve been using PBL as our primary method of education since 1989. We are one of the few medical schools in the country that can make this claim.
• We have graduated over 500 physicians using this method.
• We’re always excited about sharing what we can to help others develop their own PBL curricula!
PBL in a nutshell...• Primary use of small-group discussions
about “patient stories” rather than large group lectures
• Emphasis on having students identify their own learning needs and interests
• Emphasis on understanding and applying, rather than just memorizing
Educational paradigms
Teacher-Centered Vs. Student-Centered
Subject-Based Vs. Problem-Based
Passive Vs. Active
PBL is...
What are the steps of the PBL process?
Keeping it simple...• Step 1: Working through (new) pages of a case in
small groups with the goal of identifying shared learning priorities
• Step 2: Independent research of identified learning needs and preparation of presenting what is learned to others
• Step 3: Sharing what is learned with group members and applying new understanding back to case
Step 1
• Facts
• Problems
• Hypotheses
• Need-to-know
• Learning Issues
An example: Sadie Sadie is a fellow student in your freshman school health education class. Bright and generally outgoing, you notice that she is unusually quiet and withdrawn today as your class discusses “domestic violence”, especially during the part on “date rape”. You find her crying in the bathroom after class.
Facts• What are the key facts provided in
the text provided on each page of the case?
• This step helps the small group create a “shared group memory” on the board.
FactsFacts Problems Hypotheses Need-to-
Know Learning
Issues High school freshman
Usually outgoing
Unusually quiet in class today when talking about domestic violence and “date rape”
Found crying after class
Problems
• Which of the facts identified are areas of concern or potential issues to pursue further from your perspective as a student in your respective class?
• Think broadly, include all possibilities
ProblemsFacts Problems Hypotheses Need-to-
Know Learning
Issues High school freshman
Usually outgoing
Unusually quiet in class today when talking about domestic violence and “date rape”
Unusually quiet when discussing domestic violence and date rape
Found crying after class
Found crying after class
Hypotheses• What are possible explanations for the
set of facts and problems you’ve identified?
• Think at various levels:– mechanisms or causes– associations or relationships– personal motivations
HypothesesFacts Problems Hypotheses Need-to-
Know Learning
Issues High school freshman
Victim of violence? Rape?
Usually outgoing
Violence in household?
Unusually quiet in class today when talking about domestic violence and “date rape”
Unusually quiet when discussing domestic violence and date rape
Knows someone who was victim of violence or rape?
Found crying after class
Found crying after class
Topic too emotionally difficult for her to talk about?
Need-to-know• What other specific information do you
want or need to help you understand the case better?
• Another way of looking at this:
“If this were a mystery novel, what would you hope is written on the next page?”
Need-to-KnowFacts Problems Hypotheses Need-to-
Know Learning
Issues High school freshman
Victim of violence? Rape?
Has she been a victim of violence?
Usually outgoing
Violence in household?
Relationship?
Unusually quiet in class today when talking about domestic violence and “date rape”
Unusually quiet when discussing domestic violence and date rape
Knows someone who was victim of violence or rape?
Family support? Friends? Counseling?
Found crying after class
Found crying after class
Topic too emotionally difficult for her to talk about?
Ask her why she is crying
Learning issues
• What specific things do you feel you need to study or learn more about to better understand this case?
• This list will become the basis for what students go out and learn about between class/PBL sessions.
Learning IssuesFacts Problems Hypotheses Need-to-
Know Learning
Issues High school freshman
Victim of violence? Rape?
Has she been a victim of violence?
How common is domestic violence?
Usually outgoing
Violence in household?
Relationship? How common is “date rape”?
Unusually quiet in class today when talking about domestic violence and “date rape”
Unusually quiet when discussing domestic violence and date rape
Knows someone who was victim of violence or rape?
Family support? Friends? Counseling?
What resources are available to help victims of violence?
Found crying after class
Found crying after class
Topic too emotionally difficult for her to talk about?
Ask her why she is crying
What can friends do to help victims of violence?
Reviewing Step 1
• Facts
• Problems
• Hypotheses
• Need-to-know
• Learning Issues
Onwards...• Hands-on PBL Experience
• What comes next?
• The role of the PBL facilitator
• PBL and the DOE Health Content Standards
Let’s experience Let’s experience some PBL for some PBL for ourselves...ourselves...
Introduce tutorsIntroduce tutors
Our tutors for today…• Mr. Michael Fukuda• Dr. Walter Imai• Dr. Joshua Jacobs• Dr. Richard Kasuya• Dr. Kenton Kramer• Dr. Ivy Lee-Nip• Dr. Winnie Mesiona-Lee• Dr. Damon Sakai• Dr. Gwen Naguwa
OutbrOutbreak!eak!
• Research and synthesis through– discussions with teachers’– reading textbooks and journal articles– using the internet– discussions with community resources– discussions with other students– reflection and self-assessment
preparation of learning issues to ‘teach’ peers
World Wide WEB
• Reconvene (? in small group)
• Review learning issues through interactive, dynamic peer teaching
• Re-analyzing the case
• Confirm understanding of key principles
• Summarizing key points learned
XOO
O O
X
•Learning games
•TV Scripts
•Build Models
•Role playing
•Make a Movie
•Food and Music
-Adaptation of process to larger group, such as a class room where there is only one teacher
-Takes time initially while students learn the process and acquire skills in fulfilling various roles
-Has worked in various settings
-Process:1. Break class into smaller groups with
students rotating role as facilitator2. Teacher announces topic(s) for
discussion; brings class back together for feedback
3. Teacher circulates and helps facilitatesmall group discussion
Questions?Discussion?
•The ability to be responsible for one’s own learning.
•The understanding that it is essential for human beings to work together.
•The ability to be involved in complex thinking and problem-solving.
•The ability to recognize and produce quality performance and quality products.
Health Content Standards Department of Education August 1999
• Injury and Violence Prevention• Alcohol and Other Drug Use Prevention• Sexual Health• Tobacco Use Prevention• Nutrition & Physical Activity• Mental and Emotional Health• Personal and Consumer Health
• Injury and Violence Prevention• Alcohol and Other Drug Use Prevention• Sexual Health• Tobacco Use Prevention• Nutrition & Physical Activity• Mental and Emotional Health• Personal and Consumer Health
• Access a variety of health information resource(s), products, and services.
• Provide complete and accurate citations.
• Evaluate the validity of resources
• Access a variety of health information resource(s), products, and services.
• Provide complete and accurate citations.
• Evaluate the validity of resources
Student-CenteredProblem-BasedActiveLife-Long Learning
Thank you for your participation!
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