Henry Bessemer

Henry Bessemer Volta

Faraday

Pasteur

Industrial Revolution

• Industrial Revolution, – widespread replacement of manual labor by

machines that began in Britain in the 1700s.

– Causes of the Industrial Revolution• New farming methods• New technology

Ch. 5 Sec. 1

Dawn of the Industrial Age• Life before Industrialization

– People lived in simple homes– Worked using hand tools– Light

• Candles– Clothes

• Made their own – Food

• Grew their own– Traveled

• by foot or horse– Communicate

• Sent Messages or messenger

• Life after industrialization• Towns turned to cities• Machines began to do work• Light

» Electricity • Bought

» clothes and food• Travel • boat or train• Communicate

» telegram

New Inventions

• Anesthetic– Kills pain

• Sewing machine

• Tool to measure the speed of light

• Antiseptic• Kills germs

New Farming Methods• Lord Charles Townshend

• Urged farmers to grow turnips, because it replenished the soil

• Jethro Tull• Invented the Seed Drill

– Helped farmers, because it planted seeds in a row

New Technology

• Energy– Coal

• Used to power the steam engine

• Thomas Newcomen– Invented the steam engine

• James Watt– Improved Newcomen’s steam

engine

Steam Engine

Reasons why Britain led the way in Industry

Britain TakesThe Lead

NaturalResources

Technology

PoliticalConditions

EconomicConditions

HumanResources

Social Conditions

Ch. 3 Sec 2

Britain Leads the way

Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain?

1. Plenty of coal and iron

2. Large number of workers

3. Rapid population growth (5 mil to 9 mil in one year)1. Why?

1. More food = less famine

2. More medicine = less sickness, disease

4. Entrepreneurs took risks to start new businesses

5. Increased Trade = more money

Continued

6. Stable government (constitutional monarchy)

7. Strong navy

8. Britain was the center of the Scientific Revolution

9. Skilled mechanics

The Age of Iron and Coal

10. Darby invented a new way to produce iron.

1. Coal replaced wood to smelt iron1. Made iron cheaper, but better.

Changes in the Textile Industry

Cotton

11.New inventions improve the British textile (cloth) industry

1. Spinning jenny (spins cotton into cloth)

12.First factories are built1. Machines were too large to be in homes

2. Factories were located near streams and railroads

1. transportation

Spinning Jenny

Early Factory

Factory

Later Factory

Revolution in Transportation

9. Steam locomotive (train)1. Faster and cheaper transport

10.Steamboats improved shipping1. Faster and cheaper transport

1. Max speed was 5 mph

Locomotive

Steamboat

Reviewing key terms

11.Abraham Darby1. He produced better quality and less expensive

iron

12.Richard Arkwright1. Hard working entrepreneur who invented the

waterframe to speed up spinning cotton.

13.Factory1. Places that brought together workers and

machines to produce large quantities of goods

14.Turnpike1. Privately built roads that charge a fee to travelers

who used them

15.Robert Fulton1. American who used James Watt’s steam engine

to power a boat that broke the speed record1. 5 mph

A.B.C.D.

E.F.G.

H.I.J.

Britain Cotton Trade--1850

Industrial Revolution Pop Quiz

1. Name two differences between life before and life after industrialization.

Example: Communicate: messenger

Example: Communicate: by telegram or telegraph

1. Travel: 1. Travel:

2. Work: 2. Work:

Before After

2. Give one Reason why Britain led the way in Industry

Britain TakesThe Lead

Pop quiz continued

3. Why were factories built and why were they built near rivers and railroads?

4. What was the energy source that powered the steam engine?

5. Who invented the seed drill and how did it help farmers?

6. List the 2 factors that caused rapid population growth.

A

B

C

D

E

F

GHI

J

Ch. 5 section 3

Hardships of Early Industrial life

1. What is a movement of people from the countryside to the city? P 178

2. What led to the massive migration of people from farms to cities? P 178

3. Who benefited most from the Industrial Revolution? P 179

4. What social class was created because of the Industrial Revolution? p179

5. Describe factory work during the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. p180

6. Describe the tenement. (Be specific) P 180

7. What did the Luddites protest against? P 180

8. Why did employers prefer to hire women over men? 181

9. If women were working in factories, who was cleaning the home, cooking, and taking care of the children? 181-182

10. Describe the conditions for Miners and factory workers? 181

11. What happened to workers who got sick or injured on the job? Why? 181

Test continued

12.Why were children hired to work in factories and coal mines?

13.Describe working conditions for children in the mines.

14.What were some benefits that the working class gained as the Industrial Revolution progressed?

1

2 3

4

5

6

7

Ch. 5 Section 4

New Ways of Thinking

California State Standard

• 10.3.6: Analyze the emergence of Capitalism, Socialism, and Communism.

Ch 5 section 4

Vocabulary• Capitalism

– Individuals own companies and are free to sell goods at a price in order to make a profit

• This is the type of economy that the US has

• Laissez-Faire– Hands-off policy in business. (operate without

govt. interference)

• Free Market– Businesses are allowed to charge any price

they want.

Vocabulary cont.

• Socialism– Together, people own and operate the means of

production. (businesses)

• Communism– Last stage of socialism, where different social classes

no longer exist and the people own businesses together.

• Bourgeoisie– Middle class or business owners

• Proletariat– Working class (factory workers, farm labor)

Capitalist

CommunistsCommunists

Laissez-faire EconomistsCapitalists

Adam Smith•Free Market competition would cause lower prices

Thomas Malthus•Believed that population growthwould cause the poor to suffer

David Ricardo•Believed that the poorcould improve theirlives, if they had less children

Adam Smith

Ch. 3 Section 4

New Ways of Thinking

• Adam Smith– He believed in laissez-faire economics– Laissez-Faire

• “Hands off” policy (no govt. interference)• Free market (capitalism) would produce more

goods at lower prices.– Do you agree?– If you have a lot of something, (pencils) do you think they

would be expensive or in expensive?» inexpensive, because the pencil company would

want to sell to get rid of them.

Thomas Malthus

Laissez-Faire• Thomas Malthus

– Supported Laissez-Faire economics– Feared that population would increase, but

that the food supply would not• If there’s not enough food, then people die. • Malthus also believed that WAR and Disease

would decrease the population

– Malthus’s solution to the increased population• Urged families to have fewer children

– If not, then Poor families would suffer

David Ricardo

Laissez-Faire

• David Ricardo– Supported laissez-faire – Agreed with Malthus that the poor had too

many children– Theory

• “iron law of wages”– If wages are high, families had more children

• Problem– Children increased supply of labor, which caused lower

wages and high unemployment

Utilitarianism• Idea that the goal of Idea that the goal of

society should be society should be happiness for allhappiness for all

Jeremy Bentham•Believed that lawsShould provide morePleasure than pain

John Stuart Mill•Wanted the govt. to stepin and improve the lives of the working class.

Jeremy Bentham

The Utilitarian

• Jeremy BenthamJeremy Bentham– Believed inBelieved in Utilitarianism Utilitarianism;;

• Idea that the goal of society should be happiness Idea that the goal of society should be happiness for allfor all

– Believed that laws should provide more Believed that laws should provide more pleasure than painpleasure than pain• Do you agree? Do you agree?

– He was ok with govt. interference as long as it helped He was ok with govt. interference as long as it helped those with problemsthose with problems

John Stuart Mill

Utilitarian

• John Stuart MillJohn Stuart Mill– Strongly believed in individual freedomsStrongly believed in individual freedoms

• Also ok with government interferenceAlso ok with government interference

– Wanted working class and women to voteWanted working class and women to vote– Against child laborAgainst child labor

Socialist

Robert Owen•Utopian•All work should be shared and all property owned by the people

Karl Marx•Believed there was a struggle between bourgeoisie and proletariat•Believed the Proletariat would win•Workers would control society and everyone would be equal

Socialism

• Socialism– People (public) own and operate businesses.

• Main reason for socialism– Improve society and end the gap between the rich and

the poor– Everyone would be equal– There would be no crime, no government, no disease, no

sadness, no boredom

Robert Owen

The Utopians

• Robert Owen– He was a Utopian

• Believed that all work should be shared and all property owned by the people

• No difference between the poor and rich• Fighting would stop• End child labor

– He owned a factory and treated and paid his employees well

Karl Marx

Scientific Socialism

• Karl Marx– Disagreed with the Utopians (unreal)– He saw the current problem as a class

struggle between employers and employees• Employers were the “haves”

– Bourgeoisie, or Middle class

• Employees were the “have-nots”– Proletariat or working class

– In the end, he believed the proletariat would win

Karl Marx

• Marx hated capitalism, because it caused happiness for a few and poverty for many

• He supported Communism– Classless society where the people run and

own everything equally

1. Who is a Socialist?

Adam Smith

David Ricardo

Karl Marx

2. Which two are Utilitarians?

John Stuart Mill

Jeremy Bentham

Thomas Malthus

• Karl Marx• Adam Smith• Robert Owen• Jeremy Bentham

3

4

1 2

7

6

5

3. Name the three people who supported laissez-faire economics.

• John Stuart Mill• Thomas Malthus• David Ricardo

4. Which two groups did Karl Marx believe were against each other and who did he believe would win?

5. What was today’s standard?6. What was the goal of Utilitarianism?7. Who believed that laws should bring

pleasure and not pain?8. Who believed that the poor could improve

their lives if they had less children?

4. What is the difference between a conservative and a liberal?

5. What do you consider yourself to be, a conservative or liberal? Why?

6. Which of the following is a liberal?

George W. Bush Mr. Dabbs Karl Marx