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High Molar Volume Technology - A Step Towards Sustainable
Chemistry
Contents1. Introduction2. Developments in Polymer Additive Technology
a) Pigment Dispersion Processb) DLVO Theoryc) Steric or Entropic Stabilizationd) HMV vs. HMWe) Ultra Charge Technologyf) Dispersing, De-aerating and Leveling Agents
3. Applications4. Summary
Introduction
High Solids and Waterborne coatings have gained wide acceptance as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional solventborne coatings.
However, there are Obstacles and Issues in these coatings, e.g., • Inadequate dispersion of pigments, • Micro/macro foam, • Inadequate substrate wetting, flow and leveling.
Introduction
New developments in multi-functional and multi-compatible
products enable formula adjustment.
Strong technical support to customers to resolve their issues by
providing simple and sustainable solutions.
The dispersion process involves 3 stages:
1. Wetting
2. De-agglomeration
3. Stabilization
Pigment Dispersion Process
Additives
PATCHAM’sNew High Molar Volume Dispersant Technology
PATCHAM HMV POLYMER
HMV CONCEPT IN DISPERSION PROCESS
DLVO THEORY
• Derjaguin, Landau and Verwey, Overbeek): stability of lyophobic colloids
• The best separation distance between two particles is at the critical distance or where combination of both attraction and repulsive forces is at zero.
Pigment Dispersion Process
Vt=Va+Vr s (sum forces)Va=vanderWaals attractionVr=Repulsion forcesEp: energy particles
Stabilisation: DLVO Theory interaction Attractive/ Repulsive forces
←Δd: decreasing distance between 2 particles
repu
lsio
natt
racti
on
V+
V-
Ep
Repulsive, electrostatic and/ or steric
Attractive, VanderWaals
ΔDA: Distance at which particles agglomerate
ΔDA
Steric or Entropic Stabilization
Main stabilization in apolar systems
Dispersant Requirements: - Contains affinic groups providing strong adsorption on pigment surface. - Resin/solvent compatible chains directed into the surrounding vehicle.
Pigment Dispersion Process
ΔDa: distance at which particles agglomerate
Conventional polymeric dispersants: low volume per mass
(Relatively) low layer thickness of the adsorbed layer cannot overcome attractive forces resulting to: agglomeration
adsorption layer cannot prevent agglomeration …
ΔDa
Higher volume contributes to thicker adsorbed layer, preventing attractive forces to dominate stabilizing forces: stable dispersion!
Thickness adsorption layer preventing agglomeration …
Pigment Dispersion
High Molar Volume(HMV) Polymer technology
Pigment Dispersion Process
1) Specific and molar volumes2) Molar volume can be calculated from group contributions3) Related to Mass and Packaging of matter4) Molecular mass is sum of mass composing atoms, packing volume is not5) Packing is influenced by
a) electronic structure of the atoms in the polymer [group contribution CH2CH2 vs. Aryl-gr.: +24% volume /equiv. mass]
b) Type of bondingc) Structural and spatial variation
High Molar Volume(HMV) Polymer Technology
HMW Vs. HMV
Less dense polymeric chain
results in weak repulsive forces
Highly dense polymeric chain
results in strong repulsive forces
HMV-ULTRA CHARGETECHNOLOGY
Latest Technology Development
HMV POLYMER
Latest developments: optimizing strength of adsorption polymer onto pigment
A-B-copolymer
A: anchoring functionality. Ultra-charge technology. B: entropic stabilizing furnctionality (HMV polymer design). Complex polymer
structure, containing polycyclic/ polyaliphatic backbone, insuring broadest compatibility
A B
• SB Product DA 900 Series: 932 for SB, Product DA 948 for SF• WB Product Series: DA 603
Ultra-Charge Technology
Adhesion strength dispersant onto pigment
Classical
Ultra-Charge
Single/ double/…. point anchoring Mono-format (just one chem. group, selective)
Multiple poles of charges Dispersion adhesion (van der Waals forces)
Multi groupings Chemical adhesion
Anionic Cationic
UC-Technology for robust anchoring of the stabilizing polymer onto a wide range of pigments
Ultra-Charge Technology
• Solvent is OK for dispersant• High pigment concentration
Optimal adhesion conditions
• Strongly diluted pigment dispersion• Solvent is too strong for dispersantDesorption dispersant, due to poor anchoring and desorption!
Consequence: poor performance, -strength, rub, low gloss, etc.
Classical problem: poor anchoring dispersant onto pigment Risk of de-sorption and loosing protection under adverse conditions, such as strongly
diluted dispersions, sharp solvents, inert pigments.
Ultra-Charge TechnologyStabilised with UCT based dispersant
• Solvent is OK for dispersant• High pigment concentration
Optimal adhesion conditions
• If solvent is very strong• Or at low pigment concentration…
still excellent adhesion conditions!!
Total system for best dispersion stability: Product HMV and Ultra Charge Technology
Ultra-Charge TechnologyApplication areas:Pigment dispersions In-plant tinters (RMPC, RFPC)Colorants Solventborne co-grinding systems InksAny SB dispersion system for robust anchoring conditions….
Optimal performances using Ultra-Charge Technology in conjunction with
HMV (high molar volume) stabilisation technology!
Product DA 3204. Designed with ultra dense adhesion charges, providing the strongest attachment onto pigment surface
HMV POLYMERWETTING/DISPERSING AGENT
KEY BENEFITS
High Pigment LoadingsEnhanced brilliance of colour and transparency
for organic pigments Improved opacity for opaque and inorganic
pigments. Improved leveling, high gloss and color strengthMulti-compatible
Polymeric De-Aerating Agents
Polymeric De-Aerating Agents
Challenges…. • Providing surface activity, maintaining film adhesion• Effectiveness in high film thickness applications• Speed of de-aeration• Compatibility
Solution:• Siloxane-modified polyalkylene chemistry (product AF 70)
Polymeric Leveling Agents
Polymeric Leveling Agents
Challenges…. • Effectiveness in high film viscosity applications• Providing surface activity, maintaining film adhesion• Compatibility
Solution:• Polyester chemistry (product LE 1066)
APPLICATIONS
HMV Polymer* Compatibility in Various Resins
HMV POlymers
Alkyd : Melamine
2K PU
Epoxy
Nitro
cellulosePolyester : Melamine
Thermoplastic acrylic
Acrylic : Melamine
* Product DA 932 for SB Product DA 948 for SF
Developments in Additives for
Solvent-Free Floor Coatings
Solvent-Free High Build Coatings
*The Additives Package for Solvent-free & High Build Coatings include:
Dispersing Agents - Product DA 948
Surface Modifiers - Product LE 1019, Product LE 1066
Defoamer - Product AF 70
Type of coating* Cross-linking End use
Solvent-free Epoxy Solvent-free Epoxy: Amine Two-component Floorings, Pipe coatings and Marine coatings
Solvent-free Epoxy Solvent-free Epoxy: Polyamide
Two-component Industrial maintenance coatings
Solvent-free Epoxy Solvent-free Epoxy : Phenolic
General Industrial, Bridges and Power plants
Solvent-free Polyurethane Solvent-free 1K and 2K PU Pipe coatings, Flooring
• Commercial buildings
• Parking areas & garages
• Manufacturing plants
• Warehouses
• Chemical plants
• Sports ground
• Food and beverage plants
• Laboratories, and more
APPLICATION AREAS
Solvent-Free Floor Coatings
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
IMPACT RESISTANCE
TOUGH / ELASTIC
ANTI -STATIC
ANTI-MICROBIAL
BASED ON THE END USE THE PROPERTIES REQUIRED…
Solvent-Free Floor Coatings
RESINOUS FLOORING
Epoxy Flooring
Polyurethane/Polyaspartic Flooring
Solvent-Free Floor Coatings
A. 3-component system
Part A : Co-grind epoxy paint Part B : Silica sand Part C : Hardener
B. 4-component system
Part A : Epoxy clear Part B : Pigment concentrates Part C : Silica sand Part D : Hardener
TYPES OF FLOORING SYSTEM
Solvent-Free Floor Coatings
ADDITIVE PACKAGE FOR EPOXY FLOORING
Dispersion additive :
Product DA 948 for Co-grind formulations
Defoaming additive : Product AF 70
Leveling additive : Product LE 1066
Solvent-Free Floor Coatings
Solvent-Free Co-Grinding Epoxy Floor
Guide formulation and study of
Product DA 948 in
3 – Pack systems
Solvent-Free Floor CoatingsSr.
No.
RAW MATERIALS EPOXY GREY EPOXY BLUE PROCEDURE
MILLBASE
1 EPOXY RESIN (100% SOLIDS) 30.00 30.00 Mix RM 1 and 2 until homogenous at 1000 rpm.2 Product DA 948 / Competitor 0.17 0.20
3 PIGMENT WHITE (PW 6) 9.00 10.00 Slowly add pigments and continue premix for 10 mins at 2000 rpm
4 PIGMENT BLACK (PBlk 7) 0.10 - Add glass beads and mill the sample until <15µm. (Approximately1.15 hrs)5 PIGMENT BLUE (PB 15:3) - 0.50
STABILIZATION
6 EPOXY RESIN (100% SOLIDS) 30.03 28.6After grinding, add RM 6 for stabilization. Mix for 2 mins at 2000 rpm. Filter Mill base.
LETDOWN
7 EPOXY RESIN (100% SOLIDS) 30.00 30.00Add the remaining RM’s in the mill base and mix for 10 mins at 1500 rpm.8 Product AF 70/ Competitor 0.50 0.50
9 Product LE 1066 / Competitor 0.20 0.20 TOTAL 100.00 100.00
SOP ON WHITE PIGMENT 1.9% 2.0%SOP ON BLACK PIGMENT 170%
SOP ON BLUE PIGMENT 40.0%
Mixing RatioPart A Base Paint 60.00Part B Silica Sand 40.00Part C Hardener2 24.50
Procedure -1 Mix Part A with Part B in the mixer 2 min at 1000 rpm.2 Add Part C to the mixture mix 2 min at 2000 rpm.3 Pour out samples in panels with borders to make up 2 mm thickness of film.4 Use spike roller after to destroy formed foam and to completely even out the film surface.5 Let sample dry for overnight.
Solvent-Free Floor Coatings
HMV Polymer Dispersant Co-grinding System in Epoxy Floor Coatings
Solvent-Free Floor Coatings
PROPERTIES EPOXY GREY EPOXY BLUE EPOXY GREY EPOXY BLUE
Wet PropertiesINITIAL AFTER STABILITY 1 MONTH 500C
PAT ADD DA 948
Reference Grades
PAT ADD DA 948
Reference Grades
PAT ADD DA 948
Reference Grades
PAT ADD DA 948
Reference Grades
Viscosity Premix (cps) 814.61 849.49 886.75 915.81
NAViscosity after Grinding (cps) 929.84 859.70 878.74 959.90
Viscosity of Paint (cps) 806.60 798.58 778.56 849.68 870.72 871.72 833.65 883.75
Wet Film Thickness 1.8mm 1.8mm 1.8mm 1.8mm 1.8mm 1.8mm 1.8mm 1.8mm
Dry Film Properties
Gloss
20 80 75 89 83 80 72 85 80
Film Surface (Dry-Film)
Leveling Good leveling
Good leveling
Good leveling
Some cissing spots
observed
Good leveling
Good leveling
Good leveling
Good leveling
Floating No floatation
Very slight flotation
No floatation
Floatation observed
No floatation
Very slight flotation
No floatation
Very slight flotation
Solvent-Free Floor Coatings
Solvent-Free Floor Coatings
Solvent-Free Floor Coatings
Solvent-Free Epoxy Pigment Concentrates
Guide formulation and study of
HMV Polymer-Based Pigment concentrates in
4 – Pack systems
PART A ( Epoxy Clear ) %Epoxy resin 100% 15.34
Benzyl Alcohol 0.46
Epoxy Diluents 2.51
Product AF 70 0.09
Product LE 1066 0.06
Product LE 1019 0.04
Viscosity on B4 ford cup @ 30 deg C 115-120 sec
Part B ( Pigment paste)
Epoxy pigment concentrate 2.50
Part C
Epoxy Hardener 9.00
Part D
Silica sand 70.00
Total 100.00
“Self-Leveling” Epoxy Floor (6-8 mm thickness)Guide formulation
“High Thickness” Solvent-Free Epoxy Floor Coatings
7-8 mm thickness6-7 mm thickness
5-6 mm thicknessCustomer Panel
With Patcham AdditivesWith Patcham Additives
Shore D hardness : 70-80
Chemical resistance tests :
10%NaOH, 5% CH3COOH, 30% H2SO4, 10% HCL solutions
DI water, 1% Soap solution, Ethanol, Gasoline resistance
• PATCHAM additives have excellent film appearance than competitor samples• PATCHAM additives have comparable chemical resistance results with the
competitor.
Solvent-Free Epoxy Floor CoatingsHMV Polymer based Co-grinding System in Epoxy Floor Coatings
Conclusions
• Polymeric Dispersing Agents based on HMV technology give excellent
wetting and dispersing of full range of pigments.
• Polymeric De-aerating Agents enable air-release control in high build
coatings like in solvent-free epoxy floor coatings
• Silicon and silicone-free surface modifiers achieve best leveling and
customized slip properties
THANK YOU
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