View
8
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
How to maintain the human in the loop?
Thor Hukkelås, M.Sc.Principal Engineer Marine Operations
Business Development, Kongsberg Maritime AS
Digital Ship Bergen 2014
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
Background: • Demanding marine operations & Modern ships bridges
Challenges:• How to reduce complexity and avoid information overload on the bridge?
• How to design for optimal Situational Awareness & Decision Support?
• How to support good human decision making?
• How to provide for proper training?
Meeting the challenges:• K-Master
• The R&D project SITUMAR
Outline
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
But first, - the loop
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
Nature / Reality / Environment
Human
Observe
Cause Effect
Observe
Learning by observing
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
Nature / Reality / Environment
Human
Observe
Cause Effect
Act
Learning by doing / Human in the loop
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
Nature / Reality / Environment
Human
Measure
Cause Effect
Act
Machines
Human
ObserveAct
Doing by Machines
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
Nature / Reality / Environment
Human
Observe
Cause Effect
Act
Machines
Human
Act Observe
Human back in the loop??
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
The First Machine Age
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
Driving the Tesla Model S is like using an iPad, thanks to leading-edge interior
The Second Machine Age
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
Are we loosing control of the machines?
Humans should thinkMachines should work.
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
• Deeper waters, colder waters, heavier loads, larger forces, tougher environment and more demanding weather.
• Control systems, organizations and tasks are becoming increasingly more complex and complicated.
The consequences of making wrong decisions during failure or stress situations can be disastrous and may have catastrophic
implications.
Pushing the limits
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
Dynamic Positioning (DP) of Diving Support Vessel
«DP is 99% boredom and 1% panic»
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
What’s wrong with the current situation?
• Human-Machine-Interface (HMI):• “Users are flooded with too much information,
and lose mastery of the situation.”
• Alarms:• “In alarm situations, many buttons and
indicators start flashing. Heartbeats race, without a sense of what can be done.”
• “When the screen is filled up with alarms, the operator just has to pick out some using gut instinct”.
• General
• “We think with our spine.”• “We don’t read manuals”
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
Has the evolution of man’s cognitive abilities kept pace with the development of technology?
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
• HOW to:• increase Safety
• increase Efficiency
• lower the Environmental Footprint
• WHILE
• maintaining the «Human in the loop»
• WHEN
• performing marine operations
SITUMAR ®Situation Awareness & Decision Support for demanding Marine OperationsA KM R&D project sponsored by the Research Council of Norway
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
Phase 1
• Literature Studies• General information
collection and research with special emphases on Human Factors, Decision Making and the importance of Situation Awareness.
01/02/12
• Case studies of selected marine operations
• We go on board and perform Task Analysis (what is actually done during Planning, Execution, Evaluation etc.)
• System Design
Phase 2
01/01/13
• Building prototypes in simulator environment
• User-evaluation of prototype in a realistic, simulated environment
• Reporting and requirement validation
Phase 3
01/01/14 31/12/14
SITUMAR ®From theory to product
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
“If I had asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses.” Henry Ford
“Ask them what they do and observe them doing it”
SITUMAR ®
User centred design
1. Active involvement of users and understanding of user and task requirements.
2. Appropriate allocation of functions between users and technology.
3. Iteration of design solutions.
4. Multidisciplinary design team.
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
Situation Awareness Human Decision Making
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
What is Situation Awareness (SA)?
• Basically, SA is being aware of what is happening around you and understanding what that information means to you now and in the future.
• The formal definition of SA breaks down into three separate levels:
• Level 1 – perception of the elements in the environment
• Level 2 – comprehension of the current situation, and
• Level 3 – projection of future status
Source: Designing for Situation Awareness. An Approach to User-Centered Design. Endsley, Bolte, Jones.
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
SITUMAR ®Situation Awareness & Decision Support for demanding Marine Operations
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
Planning & Preparation
Normal Situation
Abnormal Situation
Barriers
Recovery
SITUMAR ®
Decision Support systems should be Proactive, not Reactive
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
Time
Criticality
SITUMAR ®
Thinking slow, thinking fast
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
Skill
Time
Do you know this??
Can you do this??
SITUMAR ®
“Train as you fight – fight as you train”
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
• New 360 degrees seamless integrated bridge• Unified HMI across subsystems (e.g. K-Master)• Focus on ship handling, not on “operating systems”• Re-inventing the DP => Giving it back to the mariner
• New information design: • Multi Sensor Fusion => Dramatic reduction of # of displays• Task-oriented design – focus on what to do• Correct Information when you need it, where you need it
• New training design:• Harmonized info development with Training requirements• Increased focus on skill training• ‘Train as you fight – fight as you train’
• New Decision Support design: • Re-thinking Alarm Handling philosophy• Building barriers – going from re-active to pro-active
SITUMAR ®
KM’s Design Thinking – User Centered Design
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
SITUMAR ®
The 3600 seamless integrated bridgeHarmonized ship handling units & Unified HMI across subsystems
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
/ 30 / 10-Mar-14
K-Master –The complete OSV Aft Bridge Operator StationK-MasterUnified HMI - A true integration of several systems with a common look & feel.
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
SITUMAR ®
Simplification – simplification - simplification
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information10.03.2014 WORLD CLASS - through people, technology and dedication
Page 33
SITUMAR ®
Harmonized ship handling units – Giving the DP back to the mariner
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
SITUMAR ®
Multi Sensor Fusion & Maritime Situational Awareness Displays
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
Tech “think” Human “think”
Task “think”
Machines should workHumans should think
SITUMAR ®
Task-oriented Design:Technology should adapt to humans, not the other way around!
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
SITUMAR ®
Task-oriented Design – new Anchor Handling Concept
KONGSBERG PROPRIETARY – See Statement of Proprietary Information
Thank you for your attention
Recommended