Https:// 4hgmoE. Unit 2 Biology of Behavior Objective 1: Explain why psychologists are concerned...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5cab4hgmoE

Unit 2 Biology of BehaviorObjective 1: Explain why psychologists are

concerned with human behavior.

Everything psychological is simultaneously biological

Biological psychologists (neuroscientists) - researchers who study the links between biology & behavior

Quick Review - Obj. 1: Explain why

psychologists are concerned with biology.1. In the most basic sense, every idea,

mood memory and behavior you have ever experienced is a _________ phenomenon.

2.Researchers who study the links between biology & behavior are called _______________.

biological

Biological psychologist

Quick Review - Obj. 2: Describe the parts of the neuron.

3. Our body’s neural system is built from billions of nerve cells, or

______________.

4. The extensions of a neuron that receive messages from other neurons are the ____________

5. The extension of a neuron that transmits information to other neurons is the ___________.

6. The neural impulse or _________ __________, is a brief electrical charge that travels down the _____________.

7. The junction or space between two neurons is called ____________.

action

dendrites

axon

neurons

potential

axon

Synapse.

8.

11.

10.

9.

12. dendrites

Cell body

axon

Myelin sheath

Terminal buttons

13. To fire a neuron must reach a certain minimum intensity called a ________.

14. Increasing a stimulus above this level __________ (will / will not) increase the neural impulse’s intensity.

15. This phenomenon is known as an _____- ___ - _____ response.

16. The strength of a stimulus (hug vs. light touch) _____ (does/does not) affect the speed of the neural impulse.

17. At the synapse, the neural impulse triggers the release of chemical messengers called________________.

18.Neurotransmitters influence neurons either by ______ or _______ their readiness to fire.

19. Excess neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by a process called _______.

Quick Review Obj. 3: Explain how nerve cells communicate.

threshold

will not

all or none

does not

neurotransmitters

excitatory inhibitory

reuptake

How fast are our

neurons?

Neural Communication

.

.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5cab4hgmoE

Objective 2: Describe the parts of a neuron

DENDRITE receives

messages and sends message toward cell body

Neurons

AXON: carries message

through the neuron & out to other neurons

Dendrites lesson. Axon’s speak.

Neurons

MYELIN SHEATH covers the axon

& helps speed the neural message

If myelin sheath deteriorates

message short circuits = MS

Threshold: an impulse (message) is triggered only when excitatory signals are

more than inhibitory signals meeting a minimum intensity called a threshold.

Functi

on

Neurons

ACTION POTENTIAL the messages that neurons carry are nerve impulses;

electrical signals

A nerve impulse fires when the neuron is 1.)stimulated by signals from

sensory receptors or when 2.)triggered by chemicals from other

neurons.

ALL-OR-NONE

response. Neuron either fires or

not (gun)

Before a neuron fires it is RESTING

A neuron cannot fire until it’s THRESHOLD is met.Excitatory signals

exceed inhibitory signals

Each neuron has a speed assigned to it (2mph to 200 mph).

An individual neuron cannot fire faster or slower…it as an ALL OR NONE response.

**A stimulus (hug) can trigger MORE neurons to

fire or to fire MORE OFTEN but not more intense or faster.**

**A stimulus (hug) can trigger MORE neurons to

fire or to fire MORE OFTEN but not more intense or faster.**

How then can we tell the difference

between a big hug & a gentle

touch?

How then can we tell the difference

between a big hug & a gentle

touch?

NeuronsTerminal Buttons:

the message ends (terminates)

When a message reaches the end of an axon, your body changes electrical charge to a chemical message

Neurons

Objective 3: Explain how neurons communicate

NeurotransmittersWhen the action potential (the message)

reaches the terminal button (end of

axon), your system converts the electrical charge into a chemical message called a NT.

Synapse Space between the axon tip of a sending

neuron and the dendrite of a receiving neuron

NT

How Neurons Communicate

How Neurons Communicate

How Neurons Communicate

How Neurons Communicate

How Neurons Communicate

Reuptake: the sending

neuron reabsorbs the NT left over in the synapse

Objective 4: Describe how NT influence mood & behavior & explain

how drugs affect NT.Acetylcholine (AcH)DopamineSerotoninNorepinephrineGABAGlutamateEndorphins

Look these up & put in your notes

…what is the

function of the

chemical?

Look these up & put in your notes

…what is the

function of the

chemical?

Tape in NB:

1) Neuron Diagram

2) Synapse Diagram

3) Mouse Party Lab

Sheet (after 7 NT definitions)

Put each mouse into the chamber

Read & listen to what happens in the brain when a particular drug is ingested

Record which NT is involved; explain what is happening; draw a diagram http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/drugs/

mouse.html

Heroin agonist; binds to opiate

receptors; dopamine floods synapse

Ecstasyagonist for serotonin;

stimulates release (ex) & blocks reuptake

Alcoholantagonist for glutamate

(ex) – prevents glutamate from binding to & exciting cell; increases GABA (in)

Marijuanaagonist; stimulates

anadomides (stimulate hunger; sleepiness); stops inhibitory NT that should be stopping the release of dopamine

Cocaine agonist for dopamine

LSDagonist for serotonin

Methagonist for dopamine

Objective 5: Identify the two major divisions of the nervous system & describe their basic functions.

Objective 5: Identify the two major divisions of the nervous system & describe their basic functions.

The Nervous System

decision maker

takes in information &

sends info to other body parts

nerves:

link nervous system w/ body’s senses, muscles, &

glands

motor

sensory

interneurons

carry from brain (CNS) to

body

carry from sense

receptors TO the brain (CNS)

process info between sense input & motor

output

The Nervous System

The Nervous System

voluntaryinvoluntar

y

The Nervous System

voluntaryinvoluntar

y

Sympathetic NS: makes you alert, needs a lot of energy to prepare you for action = heart rate blood pressure blood sugar digestion pupils lungs

dilate/bigger dilate/bigger

A Simple Reflex

Objective 6: Explain the endocrine system’s functions, & how it interacts w/ the nervous system.nervous system = NT

endocrine system = hormoneschemicals that act all over bodyslow

“endocrine hangover”adrenal gland

surge of energyadrenaline (fight-or-flight response)

pituitary glandcontrol center of endocrine sys.

growth & sex hormonesin brain / peas sizedcontrolled by hypothalmus (brains structure)

*endocrine & nervous system are on a constant feedback loop*

Definition Slides

Biological Psychology

= a branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior.

Some biological psychologists call themselvesbehavioral neuroscientists, neuropsychologists, behavior geneticists, physiological psychologists, or biopsychologists.

Neuron= a nerve cell; the basic building block of the

nervous system.

Sensory Neurons= neurons that carry incoming information from the

sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord.

Motor Neurons= neurons that carry outgoing information from the

brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands.

Interneurons= neurons within the brain and spinal cord that

communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs.

Dendrite= the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that

receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body.

Axon= the extension of a neuron, ending in branching

terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands.

Myelin Sheath= a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the

fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next.

Action Potential= a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that

travels down an axon.

Threshold= a level of stimulation required to trigger a neural

impulse.

Synapse= the junction between the axon tip of the sending

neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. The tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or synaptic cleft.

Neurotransmitters= chemical messengers that cross the synaptic

gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse.

Reuptake= a neurotransmitter’s reabsorption by the sending

neuron.

Endorphins= “morphine within” – natural, opiatelike

neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure.

Nervous System= the body’s speedy, electrochemical

communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems.

Central Nervous System= the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System= the sensory and motor neurons that connect the

central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body.

Nerves= bundled axons that form neural “cables”

connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs.

Somatic Nervous System= the division of the peripheral nervous system that

controls the body’s skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system.

Autonomic Nervous System= the part of the peripheral nervous system that

controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.

Sympathetic Nervous System= the division of the autonomic nervous system that

arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations.

Parasympathetic Nervous System= the division of the autonomic nervous system that

calms the body, conserving its energy.

Reflex= a simple, autonomic response to a sensory

stimulus such as the knee-jerk response.

Endocrine System= the body’s “slow” chemical communication

system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.

Hormones= chemical messengers that are manufactured by

the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues.

Adrenal Glands= a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the

kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress.

Pituitary Gland= the endocrine system’s most influential gland.

Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.