Human Body Systems The Digestive System Digestion The process that breaks down food into small...

Human Body SystemsThe Digestive System

Digestion• The process that breaks down food into small molecules

so that they can be absorbed and moved into the blood.

• From the blood, food molecules are transported across the cell membrane to be used by the cell.

• Unused molecules pass out your body as wastes.

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Two Kinds of Digestion

1. Mechanical Digestion – takes place when food is chewed, mixed, or churned.

2. Chemical Digestion – occurs when chemical reactions break down large food molecules into smaller ones.

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Enzymes

• Makes chemical digestion possible. They are proteins that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction in your body. They reduce the amount of energy needed to begin a reaction.

– Amylase (mouth) – break down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars (starch sugar).

– Pepsin (stomach) – break down proteins.

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Chemical Digestion

ENZYME

Chemical Digestion

Organs

The Mouth

• Mechanical and chemical digestion begin in the mouth.

The Esophagus

• Muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.– Epiglottis – covers

windpipe so food cannot enter.

– Smooth muscles squeeze to move food – peristalsis.

The Stomach

• Muscular bag.– Mechanical and chemical digestions occur.– Hydrochloric acid is produced in the

stomach and works with the enzyme pepsin to digest proteins.

– Hydrochloric acid also destroys bacteria in foods.

Brainiac – Stomach AcidsYouTube / Video Link

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x2NKhqT4MS0

HYDROCHLORIC ACID can also harm your teeth…

The Stomach– Mucus makes food slippery and protects stomach from

digestive juices.– Food moves through the stomach in 2-4 hours.– Chyme – When food is changed into a thin watery

liquid.

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The Stomach

• When the mucus is compromised, hydrochloric acid can make ULCERS in a persons stomach.

Liver/Gall Bladder/Pancreas

• The small intestine picks up chemicals from these organs to help with digestion…

Liver

• Liver – Largest organ, it is a chemical factory that produces bile and removes toxins.

Gall Bladder

• Gall Bladder - Stores bile, the bile breaks down fats into smaller pieces.

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Pancreas

• Pancreas - produces insulin. A hormone that helps digest sugars.

Regulation of Blood Sugar

blood sugar level(90mg/100ml)

insulin

body cells takeup sugar

from blood

liver storessugar

reducesappetite

glucagon

liver releases

sugar

triggershunger

high

low

Anatomy Example

Pancreas

Liver

The Small Intestine• 4-7 meters in length, small diameter.– Duodenum – where most digestion takes place.– Absorption of food takes place with help of villi – fingerlike

projections on wall of small intestine and increases surface area so nutrients in chyme have more places to absorb.

– Peristalsis continues to force undigested and unabsorbed materials into large intestine.

duodenum

Villi in The Small Intestine

The Large Intestine

• Absorbs water from undigested mass.– Peristalsis slows down.– Remaining undigested

material becomes solid.– Muscles of the rectum

and anus control the release of wastes from body in form of feces.

Large Intestine

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THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEMYOUTUBE / VIDEO LINK

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e3O1AdlC8bI

LIVER

ESOPHAGUS

STOMACH

PANCREAS

GALL

BLADDER LARGE

INTESTINE

SMALLINTESTINE

Human Body Systems The Digestive System Digestion The process that breaks down food into small...

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