Hybrid Simulation Evaluation of the Suspended Zipper Frame

University of California at Berkeley Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation

Hybrid Simulation Evaluation of the Suspended Zipper Frame

Tony Yang and Andreas Schellenberg

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Example of the hybrid simulation test. NEES suspended zipper brace frame test.

OpenSees Navigator Graphic user interface for OpenSees.

Example application Three span bridge, Two story Shear,…

Introduction

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6 m

4 m

4 m

4 m

Inverted-V Braced Frame Suspended Zipper

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Buffalo Shaking Table Test

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GT Quasi-Static Test

Experimental Testing Analytical Simulation

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CUB Hybrid Simulation Test

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Combine OpenSees with experimental elements Nonlinear buckling behavior accounted in both

analytical and experimental elements Analytical simulation of the brace Modeling the analytical brace using OpenSees Component testing of the brace sub-assembly

Hybrid simulation of the frame Experimental Testing Architecture New Experimental Framework Solution Algorithm

Challenge of the zipper frame test

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Analytical simulation of the brace

Modeling of the analytical brace

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Analytical simulation of the brace Brace behavior under cyclic displacement loading

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-2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 -200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

Disp

LocF

orc

IncSine load New2

LocForc(2,4)

Analytical brace Hysteresis loop (Analytical)

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Analytical simulation of the brace Modeling the analytical brace using OpenSees

Quasi-Static testing of the brace Component testing of the brace sub-assembly

Hybrid simulation of the frame Analytical model + experimental sub-assembly

Scope of the test

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Test Setup

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Instrumentation

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Instrumentation

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Instrumentation

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Quasi-Static Test

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Loading History

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Damaged Specimen

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Movie – Out Of Plane Buckling

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Movie – Gusset Plate

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5%

5%

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Brace Axial Forces

0.75 % inter-story drift ratio

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Unbalanced Forces

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Beam Rotation

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Close Up View of the Braces

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More Photos

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OpenSees Model

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Brace Hysteresis

-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150Brace 1 hysteresis

Nor

mal

ized

axi

l for

ce [%

]

ExperimentAnalytical

-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150Brace 2 hysteresis

Nor

mal

ized

axi

l for

ce [%

]

Axial deformation/Lbrace [%]

ExperimentAnalytical

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Analytical simulation of the brace Modeling the analytical brace using OpenSees

Quasi-Static testing of the brace Component testing of the brace sub-assembly

Hybrid simulation of the frame Analytical model + experimental sub-assembly

Scope of the Test

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Equations of Motion

( ) ,Pr ,n n n n g nM u C u u u M uι+ + = −

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Solution Algorithm Newmark integration method

21 1

12n n n n nu u hu h u uβ β+ +

= + + − +

( )( )1 11n n n nu u h u uγ γ+ += + − +

γ and β are constant coefficients

When γ = 1/2 and β = 1/4 (average acceleration method) When γ = 1/2 and β = 1/6 (linear acceleration method)

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Solution Algorithm Newmark integration method

( )1 1 1 1 , 1Pr ,n n n n g nM u C u u u M uι+ + + + ++ + = −

( ) ( )

( )

( )

2

1

1 1 1 12

1 12

Pr , , , 0

n n n

n n n

n n n n

F u M u u u uh h

C u u u h uh

u u u u P

β β β

γ γ γβ β β

+

= − − − −

+ − − − − −

+ − =

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Experimental Testing Architecture

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Transform DOF (displacement)

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Transform DOF (displacement)

Equation 3

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Damaged Specimen (100% LA22YY)

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Movie – LA22YY(200%)

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Movie – Out Of Plane Buckling

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Hybrid Simulation Results

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Hybrid Simulation Results

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Hybrid Simulation Results

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Hybrid Simulation Results

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Analytical Verification

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OpenSees Verification

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OpenSees Verification

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OpenSees Verification

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Distributed Hybrid Simulation

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System evaluation of the suspended zipper frame Analytical simulation of the brace Modeling the analytical brace using OpenSees

Quasi-Static testing of the brace Component testing of the brace sub-assembly

Hybrid simulation test Analytical model + experimental sub-assembly

Summary

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Results of the hybrid simulation Excellent match between the hybrid simulation

results and analytical simulation. Good analytical brace model and experimental

testing. Solution algorithm and experimental testing

architecture works.

Conclusion

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Application of hybrid simulation test Can be used to test multiple sub-assemblies. Larger and more complex structural system. More extreme loading.

Conclusion cont.

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Behavior of the suspended zipper frame Behave as intended. Many redundancies. Brace buckled of out plane. Zipper column effective transferring. unbalanced

load. Inter-story drift ratio & permanent story drifts. Rotates the beam. Need to be braced. Axial forces in columns to the support.

Conclusion cont.

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Stick Model

Beam Model

Moment Frame

Inverted-V Braced Frame

EBF Model Zipper Frame Shell & Plate

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OpenSees Navigator

Define Material: Uniaxial Materials:

Steel01/Steel02 EPP/Elastic/Hysteric Hardening Material Concrete01/Concrete02/Concrete03 ….

nD Materials:

Elastic Isotropic Plane Stress ….

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OpenSees Navigator

Define Uniaxial Material: Steel01

Fy = 50 ksi

E = 29000 ksi

b = 0.05

Name : A50

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OpenSees Navigator

Define Element: Line Element:

Truss Elastic Beam Column Nonlinear Beam Column Zero Length Element ….

Solid Element:

Quad Shell ….

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Define Force Beam Column Element

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Define Elastic Beam Column Element

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OpenSees Navigator Define:

Geometry Material

Section

Element

Loading

Recorder

Assign:

Element

Loading

Analysis Option

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To Run OpenSees

Steps:

1. Write OpenSees Input Files (writes TCL files)

2. Save OpenSees.exe Path (needs to be done only once)

3. Run OpenSees

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Mode Shape: 1st Mode

Animation Speed AnalysisCase Recorder Mode Magnification

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Mode Shape: 3rd Mode

Animation Speed AnalysisCase Recorder Mode Magnification

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Deformed Shape

Time Step AnalysisCase Recorder Order Magnification

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Response

Parameter AnalysisCase Recorder Node/Elem DOF

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Hysteresis Loops

Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis

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Hybrid Simulation Example

Experimental ChevronBrace

Element

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Define Experimental Control Templates:

-dSpace 1104

-xPC Target

(-SCRAMNET 150)

-BeamColumnSim

-ChevronBraceSim

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Define ExpControl: xPC Target

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Define Experimental Setup

Templates:

-OneActuator

-TwoActuators

-ThreeActuators

-ChevronBrace

-ChevronBraceJntOff

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Define ExpSetup: ChevronBrace

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Define Experimental Site Templates:

-LocalSite

-RemoteSite

-NEESExprSite

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Define ExpSite: RFS

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Define ExpElement: ChevronBrace

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Modify Analysis Options

Integrator Type:

Use AlphaOS Method for Hybrid Simulation

Solution Algorithm:

The AlphaOS Method requires a Linear solution algorithm

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Mode Shape: 1st Mode

Animation Speed AnalysisCase Recorder Mode Magnification

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Response

Parameter AnalysisCase Recorder Node/Elem DOF

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Application Examples 1) Three-Span-Bridge

4,8

3

7

2

6 1,5

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108 108 108

Experimental BeamColumn

Properties of Model: • num. DOF = 12 (4 with mass) • Period: T1 = 0.918sec • Damping: ζ1 = 0.02 • ExpElement: EEBeamColumn2d • ExpSetup: ESOneActuator • ExpControl: ECxPCtarget

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Application Examples 2) Two-Story-Shear

Properties of Model: • num. DOF = 14 (6 with mass) • Period: T1 = 0.618sec T2 = 0.236sec • Damping: ζ1 = 0.02 • ExpElements: EEBeamColumn2d • ExpSetups: ESOneActuator • ExpControl: ECxPCtarget

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5 6

2

4

7

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10 11

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12

108

108

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Experimental BeamColumn

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Application Examples 3) Two-Story-Frame

Properties of Model: • num. DOF = 28 (4 with mass) • Period: T1 = 0.473sec T2 = 0.071sec • Damping: ζ1 = 0.02 • ExpElements: EEBeamColumn2d • ExpSetups: ESOneActuator • ExpControl: ECxPCtarget

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5 6

2

4

7

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10 11

9

12

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Experimental BeamColumn

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A hybrid simulation test has been conducted. Close match between the analytical and

experimental results verifies the applicability of the experiment method.

Graphical user interface creates the OpenSees hybrid model and graphically displays results before, during and after a test. Three additional examples of hybrid simulation test presented.

Conclusion

Thank you!

Development and operation of the nees@berkeley Equipment Site is sponsored by NSF George E. Brown Jr. NEES grants.

http://nees.berkeley.edu http://peer.berkeley.edu/~yang/NEESZipper/ http://peer.berkeley.edu/OpenSeesNavigator/