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IMPACT Integrity Management and Programs for Accountability and Transparency. Preventing Corruption through Access to Information By: Fredrik Eriksson, Managing Director, IMPACT United Nations Conference on Anti-Corruption Measures, Good Governance and Human Rights - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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IMPACTIMPACTIntegrity Management and Programs for Accountability and Transparency
Preventing Corruption through Access to Information
By: Fredrik Eriksson, Managing Director, IMPACT
United Nations Conference on Anti-Corruption Measures, Good Governance and Human Rights
Warsaw, 8-9 November 2006
SOCIAL POWER: political, economic, and normative/ideological.
”Social power relations exist wherever some human subjects (individual or collective) are able to lay routine, enforceable boundaries upon the activities of other human subjects (individual or collective), in so far as that ability rests on the former subjects control over resources allowing them, if they so choose, to deprive the latter subjects of salient human values.” –Poggi, G., Forms of Power (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2001), p. 14.
Informs institutional design to ensure pursuance of common interests.
CAPACITY FOR POLICY FORMULATION
CAPACITY FOR POLICY IMPLEMENTATION( incl. law
enforcement)
RESPECT, PROMOTION AND FULFILMENT OF HUMAN
RIGHTS
QUALITY OF LIFE
RISKFOR LOWER CAPACITY: PETTY CORRUPTION
RISK FOR LOWER CAPACITY: GRAND CORRUPTION
GOVERNANCE CAPACITY, HUMAN RIGHTS AND RISK OF CORRUPTION
The Promising Platform
Human Rights Based Approach:
• Identify capacity empowerment needs of both duty-bearers & claim-holders to realise human rights:
access to information is at the core
Poland: Transparency in Politico-Administrative Relations
• Different history compared to other consolidated democracies shaping attitudes within and towards the public administration.
• After communism: Weak public administration and problems with clientelism and a highly politicised public administration after communism: facilitated corruption.
Clientelism undermining the rule of law
• Political patronage undermines meritocracy –professional qualifications become irrelevant.
• Promoted officials serve the interests of their patrons –no matter what the law says.
• Drains competency, trust and permanence• Facilitates corruption and control over state
resources by networks of politicians, public administration officials, businessmen and criminals.
Civil Service Act 1998
• Law 18 December 1998
• Clear criteria for becoming a civil servant: – Nomination– At least 2 years work experience – Masters degree– Knowing a foreign language
• Introduced competitive procedures
New Zeeland: Civil Services Commission
Responsible for:
• Appointment and employment of Public Service chief executives (General Directors) on behalf of the State
• Reduces the risk for clientelism, favouritism and conflict of interest.
New Zeeland: Appointment of Chief Executives in
the Public AdministrationSteps: 1. The Government specifies the job to be done –
the job order2. The (independent) State Services
Commissioner selects and recommends to the Government the best candidate
3. Government approves the recommendation4. The State Services Commissioner appoints the
approved candidate and acts as employer for the State
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