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Imperatives for an Operative Engineering PipelineBrig (Dr) R S Grewal
Vice Chancellor, Chitkara University
2010 ASEE Global Colloquium – Track 1Keeping the Engineering Pipeline Filled –
Attracting Young Talent to Engineering in the New EconomyOctober 20, 2010
• Present Environment in India and challenges faced
• Key Factors – Why such skewed environment
• Likely consequences – the looming predicament
• Some recommendations
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• Adequate capacity created in engineering colleges Intake capacity for Bachelors 1.08 million * 2906 Technical Institutes * Skewed demand and supply due to artificial increase in number of
institutions; No. of seats remain vacant
• Challenges Masters and Doctoral level programmes not the preferred choice Low preference to programmes dealing with basic sciences Average / Below par quality of Technical Institutions Deficiency of high quality faculty
Present Environment
* Source: http://aicte-india.org/adgeneral.htm
Growth Rate: Graduate Engineers
* Source: Study “Engineering Education in India”; Rangan Banerjee, Vinayak P Muley; IIT, Mumbai, Dec 16, 2008
India 10
Germany 0.9
UK 3.9
USA -1
S Korea 5.9
Japan 1.6
China 9.9
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Engineering Graduates per Million Population
* Source: Study “Engineering Education in India”; Rangan Banerjee, Vinayak P Muley; IIT, Mumbai, Dec 16, 2008
Steady rise in demand for Engineering Graduates across the past fifty years, across geographies
Output Output
Comparison of Output : Bachelors & Masters
BACHELORS1947 - 2006
CAGR Graduates : 12%Number of Graduates 2008 : 350,000Number of Institutions : 1668CAGR Institutions : 6.2%
CAGR Masters : 11.6%Number of Masters 2006 : 20000Number of Masters 2008 : 23000
MASTERS1947 - 2006
* Source: Study “Engineering Education in India”; Rangan Banerjee, Vinayak P Muley; IIT, Mumbai, Dec 16, 2008
Percentage of Masters Output to Graduate Engineers Output
Masters vs Bachelors Percentage
* Source: Study “Engineering Education in India”; Rangan Banerjee, Vinayak P Muley; IIT, Mumbai, Dec 16, 2008
Students Graduating at Masters and Doctoral Levels
India USA
Engineering Masters’ Output 20,000 (2006) 35,000 (2003)
% Engineering Masters to Bachelors Output
8.5% 50%
No. of Engineering Ph Ds ~1100 3125
% of Engineering Ph Ds to Bachelors’ output
2.9 8.93
* Source: Study “Engineering Education in India”; Rangan Banerjee, Vinayak P Muley; IIT, Mumbai, Dec 16, 2008
India needs to encourage students to take up Masters and Doctoral level programmes
Output: PG, Doctorates and Salaries
Postgraduate & Doctoral Output
Output : Masters Programme
Year Number % of Sanctioned Graduated Intake
1995 2857 482008 ~23,000 57
Doctorates:
Annual number for 2007 : 1000 to 1100Growth Rate 1954 – 2005 : 8% per yearPh D Output to Graduate Engineer Output : Between 1 to 3%
Average Salaries
Degree Annual Salary (INR)
Bachelors 510,000
Masters 420,000
Doctorate 700,000
(Figs for IITs only)
* Source: Study “Engineering Education in India”; Rangan Banerjee, Vinayak P Muley; IIT, Mumbai, Dec 16, 2008
• Low technology based society content with import rather than research and development
• Fast expanding economy needs engineers to keep processes operative and need skilled manpower for repetitive work
• Students enticed away by industry after completion of bachelors’ degrees
• Short term profit motives inhibit R&D investment by industry• Absence of role model technologists and scientists for
younger generation to emulate as compared to large number of management experts
• Economy dominated by services sector
Why Such Skewed Environment?
• Academia Poor infrastructure and problem of lack of intellectual capital Theory based curriculum with hardly any emphasis on
practical applications fails to fulfill aspirations of students Lack of emphasis to produce problem solvers• Wide fluctuations in demand and supply of specializations• Disparity in compensation packages: Managers vs. Engineers
Why such Skewed Environment ? (contd)
• Knowledge creation neglected • Institutions not producing problem solvers
• Famine of faculty likely to become more acute; applied sciences may be worst affected; engineering no better
• Lack of stimulating environment likely to deter students from taking up engineering
• Knowledge economy will soon demand personnel with R&D skills and suffer due to paucity
The Looming Predicament
Some Recommendations• Time to act now before the engineering pipeline dries up
• Multi-pronged strategy to include changing mindset of society
Students and Parents: Job security vis a vis career growth
Academia: Develop ‘Executive’ M Tech/ME and other multi-disciplinary programmes with an element of Management; add incentives for ME/M Tech programmes; Faculty Development Programmes like IUCEE and Mission 10X
Industry: Greater emphasis on creative work; seek problem solvers
• Hiring of ‘Mentor Professors’ to boost R&D
Help in research and to create exciting careers; offer incentives
• Improve career options for engineers including forecasting
What more can be done to ensure that the present engineering education system : -
(a) Provides right type of knowledge workers for national development?
(b) Is capable of nurturing the future leadership to meet the needs of R&D in the Industry?
Some Points for Discussion
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