Indoor Environmental Quality. 1.Materials and Resources 2.Indoor Environmental Quality Goals LEED NC...

Indoor Environmental Quality

1. Materials and Resources

2. Indoor Environmental Quality• Goals• LEED NC Prerequisites & Credits

• Intent & Strategies• LEED EB O&M Credits

3. Phases of a LEED Project

4. Review of Referenced Standards

5. Review Questions

Session 3: Agenda

ImprovedBottom Line.

30-70% ENERGY SAVINGS

VERIFIEDPERFORMANCE

ENHANCEDPRODUCTIVITY

REDUCEDLIABILITY &IMPROVEDRISKMANAGEMENT

INCREASEDVALUE

ImprovedBottom Line.

30-70% ENERGY SAVINGS

VERIFIEDPERFORMANCE

REDUCEDLIABILITY &IMPROVEDRISKMANAGEMENT

INCREASEDVALUE

REDUCEDABSENTEEISM

ENHANCEDRECRUITMENT

IMPROVEDEMPLOYEEMORALE

PRODUCTIVITY

IncreasedProductivity.

IMPROVED TEST PERFORMANCE

SCHOOLS

EARLIERDISCHARGE

HOSPITALS

2-16%PRODUCTIVITY

INCREASE

OFFICES

INCREASEIN SALES PER

SQUARE FOOT

RETAIL

INCREASEDPRODUCTION

FACTORIES

Environmental Impacts of Buildings

INDOOR AIR QUALITY (IAQ)Over 30% of buildings have poor indoor air quality,Often the air inside the average home is 10 times more polluted than the outside air on the smoggiest of days,We spend 90% of our time indoors. *

* Source: EPA

air quality materials

daylighting & views

thermal comfort

IEQ

lighting

Topics Within Indoor Environmental Quality

Indoor Environmental Quality

2 Prerequisites, 15 points

EQ Pr 1 Minimum IAQ Performance Req

EQ Pr 2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control Req

EQ C 1 Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring 1

EQ C 2 Increased Ventilation 1

EQ C 3.1 Construction IAQ Management Plan, During Construction 1

EQ C 3.2 Construction IAQ Management Plan, Before Occupancy (N/A Core & Shell)

1

EQ C 4.1 Low-Emitting Materials, Adhesives & Sealants 1

EQ C 4.2 Low-Emitting Materials, Paints & Coatings 1

EQ C 4.3 Low-Emitting Materials, Flooring Systems 1

EQ C 4.4 Low-Emitting Materials, Composite Wood & Agrifiber 1

EQ C 5 Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control 1

EQ C 6.1-6.2 Controllability of Systems Lighting & Thermal Comfort 2

EQ C 7.1-7.2 Thermal Comfort – Design, verification 2

EQ C 8.1-8.2 Daylight and Views 2

LEED New Construction

Indoor Environmental Quality

3 Prerequisites, 19 points

EQ Pr 1 Minimum IAQ Performance Req

EQ Pr 2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control Req

EQ Pr 3 Minimum Acoustical Performance Req

EQ C 1 Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring 1

EQ C 2 Increased Ventilation 1

EQ C 3.1 Construction IAQ Management Plan, During Construction 1

EQ C 3.2 Construction IAQ Management Plan, Before Occupancy (N/A Core & Shell)

1

EQ C 4 Low-Emitting Materials (includes furniture & ceiling+walls) 1-4

EQ C 5 Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control 1

EQ C 6.1-6.2 Controllability of Systems – Lighting & Thermal Comfort 2

EQ C 7.1-7.2 Thermal Comfort – Design, Verification 2

EQ C 8.1 Daylight and Views – Daylight: 75%, 90% classrms, 75% other

1-3

EQ C 8.2 Daylight and Views – Views 1

EQ C 9 Enhanced Acoustical Performance 1

EQ C 10 Mold Prevention 1

LEED for Schools

Indoor Environmental Quality

2 Prerequisites, 12 points

EQ Pr 1 Minimum IAQ Performance Req

EQ Pr 2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control Req

EQ C 1 Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring 1

EQ C 2 Increased Ventilation 1

EQ C 3 Construction IAQ Management Plan, During Construction 1

EQ C 4.1 Low-Emitting Materials, Adhesives & Sealants 1

EQ C 4.2 Low-Emitting Materials, Paints & Coatings 1

EQ C 4.3 Low-Emitting Materials, Flooring Systems 1

EQ C 4.4 Low-Emitting Materials, Composite Wood & Agrifiber 1

EQ C 5 Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control 1

EQ C 6 Controllability of Systems – Lighting & Thermal Comfort 1

EQ C 7 Thermal Comfort - Design 1

EQ C 8.1-8.2 Daylight and Views 2

LEED Core and Shell

Intent:Establish minimum indoor air quality (IAQ) performance to enhance indoor air quality in buildings, thus contributing to the comfort and well-being of the occupants.

Minimum IAQ Performance

Intent:Minimize exposure of building occupants, indoor surfaces, and ventilation air distribution systems to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS).

Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control

Potential Technologies and Strategies:

• Prohibit smoking in the building.

• Locate exterior smoking areas at least 25 feet away from entries, outdoor air intakes, operable windows.

• Prohibit smoking except in designated, enclosed smoking areas which maintain differential air pressure

Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control

Residential only:

• Prohibit smoking in all common areas of the building

• Locate exterior smoking areas at least 25 feet away from entries, outdoor air intakes, operable windows.

• Compartmentalize: seal penetrations in walls, ceilings and floors in units and adjacent vertical chases, weatherstrip unit doors to common hallways

Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control

IntentProvide capacity for ventilation system monitoring to help sustain occupant comfort and well-being.Monitor carbon dioxide concentrations within densely occupied spaces. Provide direct outdoor airflow measurement devices for non-densely occupied spaces.

Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring

Potential Technologies and Strategies:Install permanent monitoring systems to ensure that ventilation systems maintain design minimum ventilation requirements by generating an alarm when the conditions vary by 15% or more from setpoint, via either a building automation system alarm or an alert to the building occupants.

Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring

Note that this strategy deals with Carbon Dioxide sensors, not Carbon Monoxide sensors. Carbon dioxide sensors detect the build-up of stale air and offer a practical means of confirming proper ventilation.

Tips From the Pros

Intent:Provide additional outdoor air ventilation to improve indoor air quality for improved occupant comfort, well-being and productivity.

Increased Ventilation

Intent:Reduce indoor air quality problems resulting from the construction/renovation process in order to help sustain the comfort and well-being of construction workers and building occupants.

Ductwork sealed to prevent contamination

Construction IAQ Management During Construction

Develop and implement an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan for the construction and pre-occupancy phases of the building as follows:• During construction, meet SMACNA IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under

Construction, 2007, Chapter 3: HVAC Protection, Source Control, Pathway Interruption, Housekeeping, Scheduling

Construction IAQ Management During Construction

Protect stored on-site or installed absorptive materials from moisture damage.

If permanently installed air handlers are used during construction, use filtration media at each return air grille as determined by ASHRAE 52.2-1999. Replace all filtration media immediately prior to occupancy.

Construction IAQ Management During Construction

Lined ductwork stored in wet area promoting microbial

growth

Construction IAQ Management During Construction

Intent:Reduce indoor air quality problems resulting from the construction/renovation process in order to help sustain the comfort and well-being of construction workers and building occupants.1. After construction ends, prior to occupancy and with

all interior finishes installed, perform a building flush-out

OR2. Conduct IAQ testing after construction ends and prior

to occupancy

Construction IAQ Management Before Occupancy

Graph: Environmental Building News May/June 1996: Source: CMHC

Why Flush-Out?

Construction creates airborne particulates

Materials out-gas the most when new

Construction IAQ Management Before Occupancy

Intent:Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, irritating and/or harmful to the comfort and well-being of installers and occupants.

Low-Emitting Materials

All adhesives and sealants used on the interior of the building (i.e., inside the weatherproofing system and applied on-site) shall comply with the LEED referenced standards:• Adhesives, Sealants and Sealant Primers: South Coast Air Quality

Management District (SCAQMD) Rule #1168. • Aerosol Adhesives: Green Seal Standard

for Commercial Adhesives GS-36• Schools: CA Dept. of Health Services Standard Practice for the

testing of volatile organic emissions from various sources using small-scale environmental chambers

These standards set VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) limits.

Low-Emitting Materials: Adhesives & Sealants

Paints and coatings used on the interior of the building shall comply with the following standards:• Paints, coatings, & primers on interior walls & ceilings: Green Seal

Standard GS-11, Paints, 1st Edition, May 20, 1993• Anti-corrosive & anti-rust paints on interior ferrous metals: Green Seal

Standard GC-03, Anti-Corrosive Paints, 2nd Edition, Jan 7, 1997. (250 g/L )

• Clear wood finishes, floor coatings, stains, primers, sealers, & shellacs: South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1113, Architectural Coatings, Jan 1, 2004

• Schools: CA Dept. of Health Services Standard Practice for the testing of volatile organic emissions from various sources using small-scale environmental chambers

Low-Emitting Materials: Paints & Coatings

• All interior carpet shall meet the Carpet and Rug Institute’s Green Label Plus requirements.

• All interior carpet cushion shall meet the Carpet and Rug Institute Green Label requirements.

• All carpet adhesive shall meet the VOC limit of 50 g/L.• All hard surface flooring must be FloorScore certified.• Concrete, wood, bamboo and cork floor finishes must meet SCAQMD

Rule 1113.• Tile setting adhesives and grout must meet SCAQMD Rule 1168• Schools: CA Dept. of Health Services Standard Practice for the testing

of volatile organic emissions from various sources using small-scale environmental chambers

Low-Emitting Materials: Flooring Systems

•Choose composite wood and agrifiber products that contain no added urea-formaldehyde resins.

•Some common composite wood and agrifiber products are: particleboard, medium density fiberboard (MDF), plywood, wheatboard, strawboard, veneer/laminate substrates, door cores.

•Schools: All products must meet CA Dept. of Health Services Standard Practice for the testing of volatile organic emissions from various sources using small-scale environmental chambers.

Low-Emitting Materials: Composite Wood & Agrifiber Products

Intent:Minimize exposure of building occupants to potentially hazardous particulates and chemical pollutants.

Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Control

Employ permanent entryway systems At all outdoor entryways thatserve as regular entry points for building users to prevent particulates from entering the building.

Roll-out mats can only be used when they are maintained on a weekly basis

Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Control

Employ exhaust systemsWhere hazardous gases or chemicals may bepresent (including garages, housekeeping / laundry areas and copying / printing rooms), exhaust and negatively pressurize space.

For each of these spaces, provide:• Self-closing doors and deck to deck partitions or a

hard lid ceiling • Exhaust with no air re-circulation • Pressure differential

Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Control

In mechanically ventilated buildings each systemsupplying outdoor air shall:

*In LEED 2009, buildings that with chilled beam systems are eligible for this credit.

•Use particle filters or air cleaning devices to clean outdoor air at any location prior to it introduction to occupied space.

•Filters or devices should be rated MERV 13 or higher (in accordance with ASHRAE 52.2)

• Clean air filtration media installed in all air systems after construction and before occupancy.

Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Control

Intent:Provide a high level of lighting system control by individual occupants or by specific groups in multi-occupant spaces (i.e., classrooms or conference areas) to promote the productivity, comfort and well-being of building occupants.

Lighting controls enable individuals to make adjustments to suit individual task needs and preferences.

Controllability of Systems: Lighting

Intent:Provide a high level of thermal comfort system control by individual occupants or by specific groups in multi-occupant spaces (i.e., classrooms or conference areas.).

Individual controls, operable windows, and controls for all shared multi-occupant spaces.

Controllability of Systems: Thermal Comfort

Referenced Standards:• ASHRAE 62.1-2007: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor

Air Quality

AND

• ASHRAE 55-2004: Thermal Environment Conditions for Human Occupancy

Controllability of Systems: Thermal Comfort

Intent:Provide a comfortable thermal environment that supports the productivity and wellbeing of building occupants.

Thermal Comfort: Design

Requirements:Design HVAC systems and the building envelope to meet the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 55-2004, Thermal Comfort Conditions for Human Occupancy. Demonstrate design compliance in accordance with the Section 6.1.1 Documentation.

ASHRAE 55-2004 Section 5.3 provides an optional method of compliance for naturally ventilated buildings.

Thermal Comfort: Design

Intent:Provide for the assessment of building thermal comfort over time.• Implement a thermal comfort survey 6 to 18 months after occupancy.• Develop a plan for corrective action if the survey indicates that more than

20% of occupants are dissatisfied. • This plan should include measurement of environmental variables in

problem areas in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 55-2004.

Thermal Comfort Verification

Intent:Provide for the building occupants a connection between indoor spaces and the outdoors through the introduction of daylight and views into the regularly occupied areas of the building.LEED awards points for providing daylight and views to into most of regularly occupied spaces.

Access to Daylight & Views

Effect of internal light shelf on classroom daylighting

Access to Daylight & Views

LEED EB O&M– Indoor Environmental Quality 3 Prerequisites, 15 Points

EQ Pr 1 Outside Air Introduction & Exhaust Systems

Required

EQ Pr 2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control

Required

EQ Pr 3 Green Cleaning Policy Required

EQ C 1.1 – 1.5 IAQ Best Management Practices

5

EQ C 2.1 – 2.4 Occupant Comfort 4

EQ C 3.1 – 3.6 Green Cleaning 6

IAQ Best Management Practices •IAQ Management Program•Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring•Increased Ventilation•Reduce Particulates in Air Distribution•Facility Alterations and Additions

Occupant Comfort•Occupant Survey•Controllability of Systems-Lighting•Thermal Comfort Monitoring•Daylight and Views

LEED EBOM

Green Cleaning•High Performance Cleaning Program•Custodial Effectiveness Assessment•Purchase of Sustainable Cleaning Products and Materials•Sustainable Cleaning Equipment•Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control•Integrated Pest Management

LEED EBOM

Questions?

Phases of a LEED Project

1. Materials and Resources

2. Indoor Environmental Quality

3. Phases of a LEED Project

Design and construction phase

Operations phase

4. Review of Referenced Standards

5. Review Questions

Session 3: Agenda

Design and Construction Phase

Operations Phase

Questions?

Review of Referenced Standards

1. Materials and Resources

2. Indoor Environmental Quality

3. Phases of a LEED Project

4. Review of Referenced Standards

5. Review Questions

Session 3: Agenda

Review of Referenced Standards

ASHRAE• ASHRAE 55-2004 Thermal Environmental Conditions for

Human Occupancy • ASHRAE 62.1-2007 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air

Quality• ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2007 Energy Standard for

Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings

The following referenced standards are a sample of the numerous standards used by the USGBC to support the LEED rating systems. Please see the specific LEED rating systems for further information.

Review of Referenced Standards

EPA• Energy Policy Acts (EPAct) 1992, 2005

SMACNA• SMACNA 2007 IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under

Construction, 2nd Edition 2007

Review of Referenced Standards

Adhesives, Sealants and Sealant Primers • South Coast Air Quality Management District

(SCAQMD) Rule #1168 • Green Seal Standard for Commercial Adhesives GS-36

Paints, coatings, & primers • Green Seal Standard GS-11, Paints, 1st Edition, May 20, 1993• Green Seal Standard GC-03, Anti-Corrosive Paints, 2nd Edition, Jan 7, 1997

Review of Referenced Standards

Clear wood finishes, floor coatings, stains, primers, sealers, & shellacs • South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1113,

Architectural Coatings, Jan 1, 2004

Review of Referenced Standards

Carpet • Carpet and Rug Institute’s Green Label • Carpet and Rug Institute’s Green Label Plus

Hard Flooring • All hard surface flooring must be FloorScore certified

Green Cleaning• Green Seal Standard GS-37 Industrial and Institutional Cleaners

Green Power• Center for Resource Solutions, Green-e Product Certification Requirements

Review of Referenced Standards

Recycled content • ISO 14021-1999 Environmental Labels and Declarations—Self-Declared

Environmental Claims (Type II Environmental Labeling)

Measurement &Verification• International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP),

Volume III : Concepts and Options for Determining Energy Savings in New Construction, April 2003