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Indus River Valley and China. Geography of Indus River Valley. Located on a subcontinent – land mass that is apart from the rest of the continent Physical Features- Mountain Ranges, valleys and planes that hold 2 rivers- Ganges and Indus Climate- Strong winds and season rains- monsoons . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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INDUS RIVER VALLEY AND
CHINA
GEOGRAPHY OF INDUS RIVER VALLEY Located on a subcontinent – land mass
that is apart from the rest of the continent
Physical Features- Mountain Ranges, valleys and planes that hold 2 rivers- Ganges and Indus
Climate- Strong winds and season rains- monsoons
CITIES IN THE INDUS Set up in a precise grid system Planned Citadel- (fort) major building of the city
Work offered:-farming, trading
Peaceful- few weapons were found
ANCIENT CITADEL
CULTURE AND TRADE A. Social divisions in the society were not great B. relatively prosperous C. Religious artifacts revealed links to Hindu
culture ( Oldest religion, started on the Ganges River,
reincarnation, freedom comes from lifetime of worship, knowledge and virtuous acts)
- Many gods (polytheists) E. Trade developed with others 1. Stamps and seals identified different goods 2. Traded goods found in Sumer identified by
stamps
MYSTERIOUS ENDING Dates: 1750 B.C.- began to decline 1500 B.C.- collapsed
3 possible reasons for the decline: 1. Indus River changed its course 2. Overworked land by farmers led to a
decline in food production 3. Invaded by a new group
DYNASTIES IN CHINA Geography of China: Huge deserts, high mountains, Pacific Ocean
2 rivers: 1. The Huang He in the north ( Yellow River )
2. The Yangtze in Central China
HUANGE HE AND YELLOW RIVERS
CHINA’S HEARTLAND 1. The small plain between
the two rivers is where most of the farm land was located
2. The Chinese thought of themselves as the center of the civilized world
HEARTLAND CONTINUED Loess was fertile yellow soil blown into
the river and as the river flooded it deposited the rich silt
Huang He could flood at any time and earned the nickname China’s Sorrow
SHANG DYNASTY Shang- leader or emperor Houses were built of wood, not mud
bricks Social Classes: -Higher classes lived inside the city -peasants lived outside the walls
Nobles were the ruling or higher class, led by the king.
This is who protected the cities Often at war, very aggressive
THE ORIGINS OF CHINESE CULTURE A. Family and Society
1. Most important virtue for Chinese society was respect for ones parents ( filial piety)
2. Women were treated as inferior
a. Arranged marriages between the age of 13-16 and moved in with husbands family
ORIGINS OF CHINESE CULTURE Religious beliefs
1. Spirits of family ancestors could bring good or bad fortune
2. (Polytheists) Supreme god – Shang Di, as well as lesser gods
DEVELOPMENT OF WRITING
1. Came from oracle bones2. Each character is an idea3. Spoken language and written
language was different 4. Estimate of 50,000 different
idea characters
ORACLE BONE
ZHOU BRING NEW IDEAS About 1027 Zhou overthrew
Shang, ruled until 256 B.C. Justification of overthrow -
Mandate of Heavena. Just ruler right to rule by approval of god
b. Could loose right to rule if you didn’t have approval
POWER IN THE ZHOU DYNASTY Feudalism: political system in which the nobles would owe loyalty to the king for land.
Eventually the nobles would gain more control than the king and rebel
TECHNOLOGY 1. Built roads for trade and army
2. Created civil servant or Government jobs3. Development of Iron
a. Better weaponsb. Farm tools
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