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Industrialised constructionin Sweden
Platforms, flow efficiency, modularization and operations strategies in construction
Helena Lidelöw Luleå University of Technology and Lindbäcks Bygg
10 million people65 north500,000 people work in constructionHome of IKEA, H&M, SKANSKA, ABB, Minecraft
Sweden, Luleå 2017-03-17
DEFINITION AND HISTORY
Definition
”Industrialised construction is a highlydeveloped buiding process with a deliberate
organisation for management, preparation, and control of activities, flows, resources, and results
using highly finished components aiming at creating maximum value for customers”
The property manager in Stockholm Erik Dahlberg mass producing houses, Svenska Dagbladet (major newspaper) 1938
“Samhällets mål för bostadsförsörjningen bör vara att hela befolkningen skall beredas sunda, rymliga, välplanerade och ändamålsenligt utrustade bostäder av god kvalitet till skäliga kostnader”
(Proposition 1967:100, sammanfattning av folkhemmets slutmål)
Swedish quote from a governmental proposition to end the housing crisis once and for all, 1965-1975
The Million Homes Programme
Methods became:– Industrialised construction– Profitable state loans to communities
where many dwellings were built(>1000)
– Design build contracts– Common application of modular
measurements
Change in professional roles:– Architects role shrank– Large contractors took charge
The Million Homes Programme
The increase of construction costs in Sweden
___ Increase of construction costs¨¨¨¨ Increase of general costs
Waste operations on site in building projects
• 35 % - Pure waste(waiting, unexploited time, interruptions etc)
• 45 % - Indirect work(preparations, material transport, planning etc)
• 20 % - Direct work
Josephson & Saukkoripi (2005)
WHAT KIND OF PRODUCTION IS CONSTRUCTION?
Concept Engineering Manufacturing Assembly Shipping
Concept-to-order
CLIE
NT
SUPP
LIER
Engineer-to-order
Make-to-order
Assemble-to-order
Make-to-stock
Ship-to-stock
Client order decoupling point
Client entrance in construction
Production basedon forecast
Production basedon client order
Design-to-orderAdapt-to-orderEngineer-to-stock
Johnsson (2013)
Codes and standards
Open building systems
Closed (proprietary) building systems
Standard products
Detailed design
Combination of existing parts
Configuration
Select variant
Decoupling point
Level of pre-engineering0% 100%
Desig
n-to
-ord
erAd
apt-t
o-or
der
Engi
neer
-to-s
tock
Johnsson et al. (2013)
The supply chain structures in construction
Platform use in building projects
Jansson et al. (2013)
Support method for components:Drawings and drawing templates with
standardized solutions
Support method for processes:Standard operations sheets and routines
Support method for knowledge:Experience feedback and continuous
improvementsSupport method for relationships:Long term relations with suppliers,long term contracts, joint product
development
rational construction – sound living
Family-owned since four generations• Founded in 1924
• From a small sawmill to industrialised housing
LINDBÄCKS GROUP
LINDBÄCKS PORSÖN AB LINDBÄCKS BYGG AB LINDBÄCKS FASTIGHETER AB
Facts
How do we build?
Industrialised housing on design-build contracts Multi-storey buildings 2-8 storeys
What do we build?
Student apartments, rental apartments, condominiums, livingfor the elderly, hotels
Main markets
Northern Sweden (25%) Stockholm area (70%) (900 km from factory) Gothenburg (5%)
Vision and offer
VisionFirst hand choice for building and living
OfferWe offer efficient construction and sound living for a sustainable future.
Foto: Per Pettersson
050010001500200025003000350040004500500055006000
1994 1995199619971998 1999200020012002 200320042005 2006200720082009 2010
Anta
l lgh
År
Antal bostäder med industriellt byggande
Dwellings 1994-2016
Total 10.000
dwellings
The design process
Load-carrying structure
Horizontal stabilizationEnergyWindow
Openings between volumetricelements
Floor plan
Bathroom pod
The factory
Lindbäcks 1974
Manufacturing of planar elements…
Foto: Per Pettersson
… assembled to volumetric elements
Foto: Per Pettersson
High level of prefabrication
Foto: Per Pettersson
Transportation
Foto: Per Pettersson
Assembly of building on site
Foto: Tommy Wiklund
Sample project, Stockholm, 2011
Foto: Natasja Jovic
Interior view
Foto: Natasja Jovic
Sample project, Uppsala, 2016
NEW FACTORY
Production January 2018
Capacity 16 volumetric elements
per working day June 2018
Budget 480 MSEK
Sustainability; environment,
economy, social
Logistics by truck, train, and boat
Solar panels on the roof and
district heating from our neighbour
SunPine AB
Remains in rural, remote part of
Sweden, Piteå
New production facility Haraholmen
Tact time in one piece flow: one volumetric element
every 30 minutes
Mix production within and between projects to supply
building sites at even flow
Leadership and process development
Standardised building components, flexible products
Keep the existing factory that produces 50 volu-
metric elements on a weekly basis (1,300 m2/w)
Triple capacity to equal 2,400 dwellings/year
Grand opening December 19 2017
THANK YOU!Helena Lidelöw, Luleå University of Technology and Lindbäcks Bygg, Sweden
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