INF.30 Economic Commission for Europe · ing stable products such as KOH. This action extinguishes...

INF.30

Economic Commission for Europe

Inland Transport Committee

Working Party on the Transport of Dangerous Goods

107th session 30 November 2019 Geneva, 11-15 November 2019 Item 8 of the provisional agenda Any other business

Firebox – Fire Prevention for damaged or defective Lithium Batteries in Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV)

Transmitted by the Government of Switzerland

Fire

box

–Fi

re P

reve

ntio

n fo

r dam

aged

or d

efec

tive

Lithi

um B

atte

ries

in B

atte

ry

Elec

tric

Vehi

cles

(BEV

)

And

reas

Kre

bs, C

EO, B

LUBO

X Tr

adin

g A

GW

P 15

Mee

ting,

Nov

embe

r 201

9

1

•D

amag

ed lit

hium

bat

terie

s may

cat

ch fi

re o

r sel

f-ign

ite.

•Th

ese

batte

ry fi

res a

re d

iffic

ult t

o ex

tingu

ish.

•Fi

refig

hter

s hav

e ha

d d

iffer

ent e

xper

ienc

es a

nd k

now

how

; im

porta

nt it

is to

reac

t qui

ckly

.

•A

fter e

xtin

guish

ing,

qua

rant

ine

and

mon

itorin

g is

nece

ssar

y d

ue to

re

-igni

tion.

•W

e sh

ould

be

prep

ared

for a

fire

with

a lit

hium

bat

tery

.

Intro

duct

ion

2

1.Fi

re R

epor

t of L

ithiu

m B

atte

ries

2.W

hat d

o w

e kn

ow a

bout

Lith

ium

Bat

terie

s and

Fire

s

3.C

ompa

rison

of p

orta

ble

Fire

Ext

ingu

isher

s

4.Th

e Fi

rebo

x. W

hat i

s it?

5.A

eros

ol E

xtin

guish

er. H

ow d

oes i

t wor

k?

6.Sa

les F

orec

ast o

f Veh

icle

s

7.C

oncl

usio

ns

Con

tent

3

Fire

of L

ithiu

m B

atte

ries

on a

Truc

k Se

mi-T

raile

r

4

•A

truc

k se

mi-t

raile

r with

20

tons

use

d L

ithiu

m

Batte

ries t

ook

fire.

•W

hen

the

first

em

erge

ncy

vehi

cles

arri

ved

sh

ortly

afte

r the

ala

rm w

as so

und

ed, t

he tr

aile

r w

as a

lread

y co

mpl

etel

y on

fire

. "Sm

alle

r and

la

rger

exp

losio

ns fo

rced

us t

o re

treat

aga

in a

nd

agai

n," s

aid

a sp

okes

man

for t

he H

ilden

fire

br

igad

e. F

our h

ours

afte

r the

out

brea

k, th

e fir

e w

as a

lmos

t und

er c

ontro

l. H

owev

er, t

he fi

re-

fight

ers h

ad to

coo

l and

ext

ingu

ish th

e ca

rgo

for 1

6 ho

urs u

nder

a fo

am c

arpe

t unt

il the

fire

w

as c

ompl

etel

y ex

tingu

ished

.

Inci

den

t Hild

en; N

RZ, N

eue

Ruhr

Zei

tung

Mar

ch 2

016

Fire

of a

n El

ectri

c C

ar

5

•Fr

om st

art t

o a

full f

ire in

min

utes

. •

10’0

00 lit

ers o

f wat

er h

ave

been

ne

cess

ary

to e

xtin

guish

the

fire.

•Ev

en a

fter e

xtin

guish

ing

the

fire

re-ig

nite

d

spon

tane

ously

.•

Afte

r tha

t, it’

s also

reco

mm

end

ed th

at th

e ca

r be

put i

n “q

uara

ntin

e” fo

r 48

hour

s, ju

st in

cas

e of

a n

ew fi

re.

•Tr

ansp

ort o

f the

car

to a

qua

rant

ine

site

is ne

cess

ary.

Inci

den

t Ken

t (W

A);

NBC

New

s Oct

ober

201

3

Con

stru

ctio

n of

Li-I

on B

atte

ries

Basic

ally

a lit

hium

ion

batte

ry is

mad

e of

an:

•an

ode

•ca

thod

e

•se

para

tor

•an

d e

lect

roly

te

•an

d a

BM

S

BMS

= ba

ttery

m

onito

ring

elec

troni

cs (c

ontro

l an

d m

anag

emen

t of

the

batte

ry)

6

Com

posit

ion

of L

i-Ion

Bat

terie

sLiC

oO2

LiCoN

iAlO

2LiF

ePO

4M

ass-

%

Elec

troly

teSa

ltLiF

P 6(L

ithiu

m h

exaf

luor

opho

spha

te)

0.1

–5

Solv

ent

Ethy

lene

Car

bona

te(C

3H4O

3)D

ieth

yl C

arbo

nate

(C5H

10O

3)Pr

opyl

ene

Car

bona

te(C

4H6O

3)

3 –

10

Sepa

rato

rPV

DF

(Pol

yvin

ylid

ene

fluor

ide)

1

Cat

hode

(+)

Alu

min

um2

–10

LiCoO

2LiC

oNiA

lO2

LiFeP

O4

20 –

50

Ano

de (-

)C

oppe

r3

–15

Gra

phite

10 –

30

Hous

ing

/ C

ase

Iron,

Nic

kel,

Alu

min

um, e

tc.

Bala

nce

7

Haza

rdou

s Su

bsta

nces

in L

i-Ion

Bat

terie

sLiC

oO2

LiCoN

iAlO

2LiF

ePO

4M

ass-

%

Elec

troly

teSa

ltLiF

P 6 (L

ithiu

m h

exaf

luor

opho

spha

te)

0.1

–5

Solv

ent

Ethy

lene

Car

bona

te(C

3H4O

3)D

ieth

yl C

arbo

nate

(C5H

10O

3)Pr

opyl

ene

Car

bona

te(C

4H6O

3)

3 –

10

Sepa

rato

rPV

DF

(Pol

yvin

ylid

ene

fluor

ide)

1

Cat

hode

(+)

Alu

min

um2

–10

LiCoO

2LiC

oNiA

lO2

LiFeP

O4

20 –

50

Ano

de (-

)C

oppe

r3

–15

Gra

phite

10 –

30

Hous

ing

/ C

ase

Iron,

Nic

kel,

Alu

min

um, e

tc.

Bala

nce

8

•Ra

pid

dev

elop

men

t fro

m fi

re

outb

reak

to fu

ll fire

.

•Re

leas

e of

haz

ard

ous

subs

tanc

es.

•D

iffic

ult t

o ex

tingu

ish.

•A

fter e

xtin

guish

ing

the

batte

ry

mus

t be

cool

ed d

own.

•Ba

tterie

s can

reig

nite

.

Wha

t do

we

know

abo

ut L

i-Ion

Bat

tery

Fire

s

9

Lithi

um B

atte

ry F

ire E

xtin

guish

ing

Test

•V

ideo

com

pare

s th

ree

extin

guish

ing

agen

ts:

–Fo

am–

Pow

der

–N

-EXT

•Te

st se

tup:

18

2 Li-

Ion

1865

0 ba

tterie

s

48V

olt,

37A

h, 1

.9kW

h

10

The

fire

tetra

hed

ron

expl

ains

the

four

ele

men

ts

requ

ired

to m

ake

a fir

e: h

eat,

oxyg

en, f

uel a

nd fr

ee

rad

ical

s. E

limin

atin

g an

y on

e of

thes

e el

emen

ts w

ill ex

tingu

ish a

fire

. F-

500

EA re

mov

es th

ree

elem

ents

.

N-E

XT /

F-5

00

11

Prop

ertie

s of

N-E

XT•

Red

uce

the

surfa

ce te

nsio

n of

the

wat

er

•Ra

pid

ly a

bsor

b th

e he

at

•En

caps

ulat

e th

e fu

el

•In

terru

pt th

e fre

e ra

dic

al c

hain

reac

tion

12

The

Fire

box

•It

is a

solu

tion

for t

he sa

fe st

orag

e an

d

trans

port

of lit

hium

bat

terie

s and

d

evic

es w

ith lit

hium

bat

terie

s.

•W

ith a

n in

tegr

ated

fire

ala

rm a

nd

Aer

osol

ext

ingu

ishin

g sy

stem

.

•Fo

r per

man

ent m

onito

ring

and

au

tom

atic

ext

ingu

ishin

g w

ithin

a fe

w

seco

nds a

fter t

he o

utbr

eak

of th

e fir

e.

13

The

Fire

box

Opt

ions

•20

or 4

0 fo

ot c

onta

iner

.•

LED

light

.•

Sprin

kler

syst

em w

ith S

torz

con

nect

ion

•C

olle

ctio

n tra

y fo

r liq

uid

s.•

Batte

ry p

ower

supp

ly.

•W

inch

.•

Slid

ing

plat

form

for t

he sa

lvag

e of

d

am

age

d E

V.

•Ho

ok sy

stem

for u

se a

s rol

l-off

cont

aine

r.•

Sid

e d

oors

.•

Fire

ext

ingu

isher

s.

14

The

Fire

box

Salv

age

Con

tain

er•

Mad

e fo

r the

salv

age

and

tran

spor

t of

dam

aged

ele

ctric

veh

icle

s.

•Th

e fir

e al

arm

and

ext

ingu

ishin

g sy

stem

pr

otec

ts y

ou d

urin

g tra

nspo

rt.

•In

the

even

t of i

gniti

on a

nd fi

re d

urin

g tra

nspo

rt, th

e sy

stem

soun

ds t

he a

larm

an

d e

xtin

guish

es th

e fir

e.

•Yo

u ca

n co

ntin

ue th

e tra

nspo

rt to

a

quar

antin

e st

atio

n an

d a

lert

the

fire

brig

ade.

15

Extin

guish

ing

of a

Bat

tery

Fire

in th

e Fi

rebo

x

•V

ideo

show

s a fi

re

of L

i Ion

bat

terie

s an

d h

ow it

is

extin

guish

ed in

the

Fire

box.

•Te

st se

tup:

18

2 Li-

Ion

1865

0 ba

tterie

s

48V

olt,

37A

h, 1

.9kW

h

16

Extin

guish

ing

of a

Bat

tery

Fire

in th

e Fi

rebo

x

•V

ideo

show

s a fi

re o

f Li I

on

batte

ries a

nd h

ow it

is

extin

guish

ed in

the

Fire

box.

•Te

st se

tup:

Li-

Ion

1865

0 ba

tterie

s

144x

36V

olt/

14.5

Ah,

75k

Wh

17

Fire

Pro

Aer

osol

Ext

ingu

ishin

g Te

chno

logy

18

1.A

fter a

ctiv

atio

n, th

e so

lid F

PC c

ompo

und

tran

sfor

ms i

nto

a ra

pid

ly sp

read

ing

cond

ense

d e

xtin

guish

ing

aero

sol,

cons

istin

g m

ainl

y of

pot

assiu

m sa

lt ba

sed

K2C

O3,

H2O

(s

team

), N

2 an

d C

O2.

2.W

hen

the

cond

ense

d a

eros

ol re

ache

s and

reac

ts w

ith th

e fla

me,

Pot

assiu

m ra

dic

als (

K*) a

re fo

rmed

mai

nly

from

the

disa

ssoc

iatio

n of

K2C

O3.

The

K*s

bin

d to

oth

er fl

ame

free

rad

ical

s (hy

dro

xyls

-OH-

) for

min

g st

able

pro

duc

ts su

ch a

s KO

H. T

his a

ctio

n ex

tingu

ishes

fire

with

out d

eple

ting

the

ambi

ent o

xyge

n co

nten

t. KO

H re

acts

furth

er in

the

pres

ence

of

CO

2 an

d fo

rms K

2CO

3.3.

The

solid

par

ticle

s of P

otas

sium

Car

bona

te (K

2CO

3) re

mai

n in

susp

ensio

n in

the

prot

ecte

d ro

om/e

nclo

sure

for a

t lea

st 3

0 m

inut

es, p

reve

ntin

g fu

rther

re-ig

nitio

n of

the

fire.

Fire

Pro

extin

guis

hes

fires

at

the

mol

ecul

ar

leve

l by

inhi

bitin

g ch

emic

al c

hain

re

actio

ns!

Sour

ce: F

irePr

o Sy

stem

s 201

9

Sale

s Fo

reca

st o

f Veh

icle

s

•W

e ar

e at

the

begi

nnin

g of

a

new

era

.

•D

iese

lgat

ean

d g

loba

l w

arm

ing

are

push

ing

carm

aker

s to

prod

uce

EV.

•Th

e cu

rrent

glo

bal E

V m

arke

t sh

are

in 2

018

is 6%

.

•It

will

incr

ease

to 8

% b

y 20

20,

to 2

4% b

y 20

25 a

nd to

48%

by

203

0.So

urce

: Bos

ton

Con

sulti

ng G

roup

, 201

8

19

Why

an

ADR

rest

rictio

n fo

r the

tran

spor

t of B

EV

with

dam

aged

or d

efec

tive

batte

ries?

1.Tr

ansp

ort o

f dam

aged

or d

efec

tive

batte

ries i

s res

trict

ed u

nder

AD

R.

2.Bu

t the

tran

spor

t of B

EV w

ith d

ama

ged

or d

efec

tive

batte

ries i

s not

rest

ricte

d u

nder

AD

R.

3.W

e al

l agr

ee th

at d

amag

ed o

r def

ectiv

e ba

tterie

s rep

rese

nt a

hig

h-ris

k po

tent

ial.

4.W

ithou

t res

trict

ion,

this

trans

port

of B

EV w

ith d

amag

ed o

r def

ectiv

e ba

tterie

s is c

arrie

d o

ut

by n

on-p

rofe

ssio

nals

with

out a

ny ri

sk p

reca

utio

ns.

5.Th

e re

stric

tion

shou

ld a

pply

to th

e tra

nspo

rt of

BEV

with

dam

aged

or d

efec

tive

batte

ries

from

the

road

side

assis

tanc

e ca

r par

k to

the

gara

ge o

r to

third

par

ties.

6.Ro

adsid

e as

sista

nce

and

resc

ue p

erso

nnel

are

resc

ue e

xper

ts a

nd e

xem

pt fr

om A

DR

regu

latio

ns.

7.Th

e tra

nspo

rt of

a B

EV, s

ecur

ed in

a c

onta

iner

with

an

auto

mat

ic fi

re e

xtin

guish

ing

syst

em,

crea

tes s

afet

y an

d p

reve

nts c

arel

ess t

rans

port.

20

Con

clus

ions

1.Th

ere

is no

safe

ty c

heck

for l

ithiu

m b

atte

ries t

hat g

uara

ntee

s you

th

at n

o in

cid

ent w

ill oc

cur.

2.Fi

res f

rom

lithi

um b

atte

ries a

re d

iffic

ult t

o ex

tingu

ish a

nd re

leas

e d

ange

rous

and

toxic

subs

tanc

es.

3.So

oner

we

star

t ext

ingu

ishin

g th

e fir

e, g

reat

er th

e ch

ance

s of

succ

ess.

4.Th

e ex

tingu

ishin

g ae

roso

l rea

ches

eve

ry so

urce

of f

ire.

5.Th

e Fi

rebo

x is

a sm

art s

olut

ion

for t

he sa

fe tr

ansp

ort o

f BEV

with

d

amag

ed o

f def

ectiv

e lit

hium

bat

terie

s.

21

Be p

repa

red!

And

reas

Kre

bs, B

LUBO

X Tr

adin

g A

Gw

ww

.blu

box.

ch /

and

reas

.kre

bs@

blub

ox.c

h

22