Information and Communication Technology Devices

What is ICT ?ICT is defined as the technology that involves the development, care, and use of computer system, software, and network for data processing and distribution

There are three elements in ICT, what are there?computer (hardware and software), data to

process and distribute, and network for communication

• In ICT,the term data refers to the raw input that will be processed by a computer

• The term information refers to the input data that have already been processed by a computer

• The term database refers to a group of files that are related to each other and stored with minimum redundancy

1. Computer, Data, and Information

The relationship among data, computer, information, and database

a computer is a machine that can be programmed to: receive data (input); process them into useful information (output); and store them (in secondary memory) to secure or reuse them

Computer HardwareComputer hardware consists of Central Processing Unit (CPU), Memory, and Input/Output, and data storage media

•CPUIn a computer, CPU is the main

component that controls the whole activities of the computer

•MemoryMemory functions to store data after

they are put into the systemMain memory is commonly known as

read write memory (RWM) or random access memory (RAM)

• Input and OutputInput/Output consists of input and output

devices and the controller• Data Storage DeviceData storage device is a device to record

(store) data. It is also called external memory and it is permanent (non-volatile), the data in it are permanently stored even though the electrical power is off.

There are three types of data storage device, i.e. magnetic, optic, and electronic one

a. Magnetic Data Storage DeviceThere are three types of magnetic devices: floppy disk (diskette), hard disk, and magnetic ribbon

b. Optic Data Storage DeviceOptic data storage device uses laser beam to store and read dataThere are two types of optic data storage device, i.e. CD (compact disk) and DVD (digital versatile disk)

c. Electronic Data Storage Device Electronic data storage device uses semi conductor materialA common example is flash memory or flash disk.

• Software is a computer program which consists of a series of commands made by using programming language

• software can be classified into two types that are system software and application software

Computer Software

• the computer can be used by other users, a telecommunication network to connect a computer with other computers is needed

• transmission media consist of two types: guided and unguided media

a. Guided Media (Cable)

In guided media (cable), the wave is guided throughout solid medium, from the source to the destination

The guided media consist of two types, i.e. copper cable and optic fiber. Copper cable transmits electric signals, while optic fiber cable transmits ray

Communication Network

Unguided Media (Wireless)

• Wireless basic technology is radio• Radio is a technology which is used

for signal transmission through modulation and electromagnetic radiation (electromagnetic wave).

• There are three types of wireless transmission: microwave on earth surface (terrestrial microwave), satellite microwave, and cellular

• Terrestrial Microwave. It transmits the microwave between two points through the atmosphere. The BTS of celular phone is an example

• Satellite Microwave. It transmits the microwave between two points through satellite

• Cellular Radio• A radio network that can be used

for data and voice communication is cellular phone network

• Cable telephone is a two-way communication device that enables 2 persons or more to communicate by voice through electric signals

• Cellular telephone (cellphone), commonly known as handphone (HP), is an electronic telecommunication device which has basic capability equal to conventional fixed line telephone, but it can be carried anywhere because it uses wireless telecommunication connection

• Fax is a device that can send documents through telephone network resulting the same as the original

Telecommunication Equipment

Net Tools

• Server• Client• Router• Modem

Modem. It is a joint of Modulator and Demodulator. A modulator is used to change the digital signals from a computer to analog signals that can be transmitted through cable telecommunication connection (telephone) and wireless (radio)Demodulator functions to change the analog signals received into digital signals to process by computer

• Internet stands for interconnected-network.

• To connect computers in the world, a combination of wire and wireless cable transmission is used. TCP/IP is software integrated with the operating system

Internet

ISP (Internet Service Provider)

• ISP is a company which provides a connection service to the internet, either by a person or company

• Give example of ISP?