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Information Literacy Skills:Information Literacy Skills:Research SkillsResearch Skills
http://library.unikl.edu.my
Example:
Break down the topic into its main concepts.List synonyms, broader terms, narrower terms.
Is global warming leading to more extreme weather?
Chapter 1 5 steps research skills
Define your topic (1)
Is Is global warmingglobal warming leading to leading to more more extreme weatherextreme weather??
Concepts Synonyms Broader terms Narrower terms
global warming
-greenhouse effect
-climate change
-global temperature change
extreme weather
-natural disaster
-meteorology -flood
-drought
-storm
-snow
Chapter 1 5 steps research skills
Define your topic (2)
Printed SourcesPrinted Sources
DictionaryEncyclopediaTextbookMagazineJournalNewspaperThesesConference
paperResearch paper
• Audio-visual
• CD-ROM
• Online database
• Internet / Websites
Non-printed Sources
Chapter 1 5 steps research skills
Select your sources (1)
VERY SPECIFIC/SPECIALIZEDJOURNAL ARTICLES, THESES, RESEARCH PAPERS
INFO ON A CERTAIN TOPICMAGAZINE ARTICLES, NEWSPAPER ARTICLES,
BOOKS ON SPECIFIC TOPICS
GENERAL OVERVIEWTEXTBOOKS, ENCYCLOPEDIAS
Chapter 1 5 steps research skills
Select your sources (2)
Type of searches
Keyword search
Subject search
Understanding the difference between these will help students do a better job of searching.
Chapter 1 5 steps research skills
Search for information (3)
Keyword SearchingKeyword SearchingAll databases provide keyword
searching. When we select a keyword search, we
are actually requesting the computer to scan all words in the database.
For example:
Author:
Abstract:
Title:
J.R.R. Tolkien
The Lord of the Rings
Hobbit/s
Chapter 1 5 steps research skills
Search for information (4)
Subject Subject SearchingSearchingSearch using standardized words or
phrases chosen by experts in the field. A subject search reads only the subject
field of a record, so you will get more precise search results.
Subject searching is a strength of library databases that search engines like Google don't have.
EngineeringIndustrial--Manufacturing--System
Industrial Design
Main Subject Main Discipline Sub-Discipline
For example:
Computer Operating System Windows Vista
Chapter 1 5 steps research skills
Search for information (5)
Three search techniques• Connecting search terms with Boolean
operators (and, or, not)
• Using truncation to increase retrieval
• Using wildcards to cope with spelling variations
Chapter 1 5 steps research skills
Search for information (6)
Boolean Boolean ANDAND
For example:◦ Scotland AND Wales
The database will only retrieve documents in which both terms are found.
Linking keywords with AND will find pages which contain all of the search terms entered.
Scotland WalesS&W
Chapter 1 5 steps research skills
Search for information (7)
Boolean Boolean OROR
For example:◦ Scotland OR Wales
The database will produce a list of all documents which contain either the "Scotland" or "Wales" search term.
Using the OR command when searching will retrieve documents containing any of the search terms entered.
Scotland WalesWales
Chapter 1 5 steps research skills
Search for information (8)
Boolean Boolean NOTNOT
For example: - Scotland NOT Wales The databases will retrieve all of the documents
containing the word Scotland only. It will remove all documents that contain the word Wales.
NOT is used to exclude a particular term from your results.
WalesScotland
Chapter 1 5 steps research skills
Search for information (9)
Truncation
• The truncation symbol is usually an asterisk (*) but may be a question mark or an exclamation mark
• EXAMPLE: Advertis*retrieves: Advertising
AdvertiseAdvertisement
Chapter 1 5 steps research skills
Search for information (10)
Wildcard• Symbol may be a question mark or an asterisk• It varies from database to database
• EXAMPLES: Organi?ation
retrieves: Organisation
Organization
Behavio?r
retrieves: Behavior
Behaviour
Chapter 1 5 steps research skills
Search for information (11)
(CRAAP acronym used courtesy of Meriam Library, California State University)
urrency
elevance
uthority
ccuracy
urpose
C
R
A
A
P
Chapter 1 5 steps research skills
Evaluate retrieved info (1)
Clue 1: CurrencyClue 1: CurrencyCurrency is important because information can
quickly become obsolete. Supporting a topic/thesis statement with facts
that have been superseded by new research or recent events weakens its argument.
These are the questions to ask yourself to evaluate currency in your information
• When was the information published or last updated? • Have newer articles been published on your topic? • Are links or references to other sources up to date? • Is your topic in an area that changes rapidly, like technology or popular culture?
Chapter 1 5 steps research skills
Evaluate retrieved info (2)
Clue 2: Clue 2: RelevanceRelevance
Relevance is important because students are expected to support their ideas with pertinent information.
How to know if the source is relevant? Does the information answer the research
question? Does the information meet the stated
requirements of the assignment? Is the information too technical or too
simplified to use? Does the source add something new to
students’ knowledge of the topic?
Chapter 1 5 steps research skills
Evaluate retrieved info (3)
Clue 3: Clue 3: AuthorityAuthority
What are the author's credentials? Is the author affiliated with an educational
institution or prominent organization? Can we find information about the author
from reference books or the Internet? Do other books or articles cite the author?
• Authority is important in judging the credibility of the author's assertions. In a trial regarding DNA evidence, a jury gives far more authority to what a genetics specialist has to say compared to someone off the street.These are the questions to ask yourself to evaluate authority in your information
Chapter 1 5 steps research skills
Evaluate retrieved info (4)
Clue 4: AccuracyClue 4: AccuracyAccuracy is important because errors and
untruths distort a line of reasoning. When students present inaccurate information,
they undermine their own credibility.
• Is the information reliable – check for grammatical, spelling and typographical errors?
• Is there an editors or someone who verifies the contents?
• Are there citations or references listed to check accuracy?
These are the questions to ask yourself to evaluate accuracy in your information
Chapter 1 5 steps research skills
Evaluate retrieved info (5)
Clue 5: PurposeClue 5: Purpose Purpose is important because books, articles, and Web
pages exist to educate, entertain, or sell a product or point of view.
Some sources may be frivolous or commercial in nature, providing inadequate, false, or biased information.
Varied points of view can be valid, as long as they are based upon good reasoning and careful use of evidence.
How to determine the purpose of a source? Why did the author or publisher make this information
available? Is there an obvious bias or prejudice? Are alternative points of view presented? Does the author omit important facts or data that might
disprove a claim? Does the author use strong or emotional language?
Chapter 1 5 steps research skills
Evaluate retrieved info (6)
Online DatabaseOnline Database
An electronic database of either full-text documents or citations
and abstracts, contains comprehensive collection of information
and organized for quick retrieval.
It is available through the Internet or an organization's Intranet.
Chapter 2 Library Online Resources
Intro to Online Database
Electronic Resources: e-bookElectronic Resources: e-booke book - An electronic version of a book that is found and read on the Web.
For example
Electronic Resources: e-journalElectronic Resources: e-journal
An electronic journal that provides its content over the Internet. Some are accessible to anyone, but many others require purchase.
Engineering
Computer Aviation Science
Springer √ √ √ACM √ebrary √ √ √ √Access Engineering
√
Book 24x7
√ √Wiley √ √ √Frost Sullivan
√
What is a Citation?What is a Citation?A "citation" is the way you tell your readers
that certain material in your work came from another source.
How to Cite?How to Cite?
Students should write references in 2 places:
- in the text (in text citation / parenthetical references) - at the end of the text (bibliography / references / works cited)
In Text CitationIn Text CitationStudents can do it in 3 ways: - quote - paraphrase - summarize
All three should contain author's name, year and page number(s).
All three should also be included in the bibliography.
Elements of CitationElements of Citation Book - Author(s) - Editor(s) - Title - Publisher - Place of
publication - Year of
publication - Edition (if
any)
Journal article
- Author - Title of article - Title of journal - Volume &
number of journal
- Date of publication
- Pagination
Website - Author - Title - Publisher - Place of
publication - Date of
publication - URL - Date of
accessed
Why is it such a big issue?
How would you feel if someone copied your exact words without your permission and without acknowledging you?
Copying from published materials (without acknowledgement) is illegal as it contravenes copyright law.
People in high places have lost their job because they were found to have plagiarised.
Chapter 4 Copyright & Intellectual Property Issue
Intro to copyright & IP (1)
PlagiarismPlagiarism
8.16 Academic Integrity
A student must adhere to the academic integrity. Students are prohibited from indulging in any form of academic cheating like copying or allowing others to copy, plagiarism or similar activities and so on during examination, lab work, essay or research paper, thesis and so on. Please refer to the Academic Offense under the Examination Rules and Regulations.
(see UNIKL Rules & Regulations Handbook: Rules)
8.16.1
8.0 RULES
PlagiarismPlagiarism
11.0 DISCIPLINARY ACTION
For misconduct classified as a minor offence:
a. Warning or Final Warning
b. Reference to Counselor
For misconduct classified as a major offence:
b. Payment for cost of damages caused to the university’s facilities or to third party that is claiming from the university
f. Expulsion from UniKL
e. Suspension from the UniKL academic programme
What are the consequences of plagiarism
for students?
(see UNIKL Rules & Regulations Handbook: Disciplinary action)
PlagiarismPlagiarism
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