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Keyhole Problem
• Where am I?
• Where can I go?
• Where do I want to go?
• How do I get there?
• Lack of context, overview
Visual Overview
• Show me the data!• Map, organization (spatial layout of concepts)
• What information is (not) available?
• Adds context info, relationships
• Enables direct access
• Encourages exploration
• HCI metrics: • Improves user performance, learning time, satisfaction
Insight
Information Scent
• Hint at what data is hiding behind each item in the overview
• Enable users to ‘sniff’ out data of interest
• What data to bubble up to overview?
• What data to push down into the details?
Navigation Strategies
• Detail Only
• Overview+Detail• Multiple views
• Zooming
• Focus+Context• Distortion, fisheye
Zooming large 2D spaces
• Powers of 10
• http://terraserver.homeadvisor.msn.com/image.asp?S=10&T=1&X=2689&Y=20639&Z=17&W=2
Zooming: 2D
• KidPad, HiNote, Jazz
• http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/jazz/
• Semantic zooming: • Don’t just show things at different size
• change objects to make sense
• E.g. add/remove detail info
• Powers of Ten
• Controls?
Overview+Detail: 2D
Overview: Detail:
• Zoom factor = 5
Square in overview tightly-coupled to scroll bars of detail
Multiple levels = large scale
• Zoom factor = 125
overview intermediate view
intermediate view detail view
Focus+Context: 1D
• Fisheye Menu: http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/fisheyemenu/
• Perspective Wall
Comparison
• Zooming:• Screen space efficient• Infinite scalability• Lose overview when zoom in
• Overview+Detail:• Good scalability, chaining• Multiple foci• Disconnect between views, back-n-forth
• Focus+Context:• Integrated overview with detail, connected• Least scalable• Distortion, overview unstable
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