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Shobha Mishra Ghosh I Senior Director Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI)
shobha.mishra@ficci.com
The Evolving face of Private Higher Education in India
International Seminar “Innovative approaches to education in the private higher
education sector”
Agenda
About FICCI Education in India: Historical Perspective Evolution of Higher Education in India Private Higher Education Forms of Presence: Focus on Expansion Growth Trajectory: Focus on Excellence Opportunities for Private sector FICCIs vision for Higher Education 2030
About FICCI 1. Established in 1927 by Mahatma Gandhi - India’s apex Industry chamber
2. Catalyst of change and the first port of call for Indian as well as the international
business community
3. Impacted the liberalization and globalization of the Indian economy since the 1990s
4. Plays a leading role in policy debates that are at the forefront of social, economic and
political change
Dr. Manmohan Singh, Hon’ble PM
of India inaugurating the FICCI AGM Hon’ble President, of India, Mr. Pranab
Mukherjee addressing FICCI
About FICCI
• Represent over 2,50,000 Companies and over 335 Chambers and Associations
• Regional Councils in Mumbai & Kolkata
• FICCI’s footprints overseas include offices in USA, UK, France, Italy, Japan, Singapore and China
• 9 Allied Bodies
We Influence
We Analyze We Listen
We Connect
Education in India- Historical Perspective India has a long history of organized education.
The Gurukul system of education
Up to the 17th century
Higher Education at Nalanda, Takshila,
Ujjain, & Vikramshila Universities.
Education under British
Rule
was widespread in the
18th century, with a school
for every temple, mosque or
village in most regions of the
country.
After independence, education became
the responsibility of the states.
Indian Economy Liberalized
1991
2001
State Private Universities route opened up GATS Paves way for foreign universities
1995
UGC notifies Deemed-to-be Universities
2006
2008
India achieves peak growth rate National Knowledge Commission established Industry & HEIs lobby for reforms
2012
XIIth Plan Period commences Focus on
Merit-based student financing Internationalization of education Enabling a research environment High quality faculty Improved technology for education delivery Employ-ability
Evolution of Higher Education in India
700 universities 33,023 plus colleges Universities grew at CAGR of 5.3% 31 million enrollment with a GER of 22.5%
Global Meltdown hits India Expansion of Public/Private and PPP No. of Bills initiated
5.8%
9.6%
6.8%
1.4%
7.3%
5%
20 IIITs, 200 Community Colleges & 300 Polytechnics to be set up in PPP mode
Demand-Supply Gap
Total investment required by 2020 (est.)
Private investment required (est.)
$15900 Cr
$8250 Cr
Investment deficit
India’s National Knowledge Commission estimates the country needs 1,500 universities compared to the current 700: creation of 800 new universities and 35,000 colleges by 2020. The Government intends to achieve enrollment of 35.9 million students in higher education institutions, with a GER of 25.2% The public spending is low in spite of the 10 fold increase in the XIth plan with $356 billion (INR 2.2 trillion) deficit for planned expansion of higher education as estimated by the planning commission
Growth of Private Higher Education
Government Private
2007 2012
11,239
16,768 18,145
29,662
Government Private
2007 2012
6.3
8.9
7.5
12.8
Enrollment in private institutions has increased at a CAGR of 11% over the last five years, as compared to 7% in government institutions
Between 2007 and 2012, the number of private institutions grew faster than the number of government institutions
Growth in Higher Education Institutions Growth in enrollments in millions
Source: FICCI-E&Y Report: Higher education in India: Vision 2030
Growth of Private Higher Education..Contd
42.6%
61.8% 63.9%
32.9%
54.2% 58.9%
Share of Institutes Share of enrolments
2001 2007 2012
The share of the unaided private sector has increased significantly since 2001 in terms of the number of institutions and enrollment
Mode of Entry For Private Sector
Establishing and growing in Indian higher education: key options for private players
Forms of Presence Courses Modes of growth Value addition and
communication
• Universities • Colleges • Services
• General Courses • Professional
Courses
• Opening new campuses
• Distance Education
Collaborations Marketing & brand building
Mode of Entry: Private Sector- Continued…
Forms of Presence
Universities
Colleges
Services
State Private University
Deemed University
Affiliated College
AICTE approved Diploma granting Institution
Study Centre & Online Education
Form of Presence - Continued…
Form of Presence
University &University level Institutions
Colleges Diploma granting Institutions
Central 152
State 316
Private 191
Central 669
State 13024
Private 19930
Central Nil
State 3207
Private 9541
Private institutions lead in terms of number of institutions and student enrollment
Growth of Private Higher Education
1995
28
CAGR 44%
2001 2005 2007
165
2012 2010
82
14 2 1
State Private Universities witnessed an annual growth of 44% since 1995
142
2013
Several private higher education Institutions have been established recently with the support of the corporate sector. These include Shiv Nadar University (2011) Azim Premji University (2011) GD Goenka University (2013) O.P. Jindal Global University (2009)
Mode of Entry: Private Sector- Continued…
Course Option
General courses
Professional courses
Conventional professional courses
Vocation- based professional courses
Mode of Entry: Private Sector- Continued…
Modes of growth
Opening new campuses
Distance Education
Sikkim Manipal University Symbiosis Centre for distance learning IMT distance & open learning
Value addition and communication
Mode of Entry: Private Sector- Continued…
Collaborations
Marketing & brand building
Collaboration with Industry
Collaboration with Academia
Need to Move towards Excellence
58 % of India’s youth witness some form of skill deprivation; Source:(India Labor Report 2012)
More than 60% of employers were not satisfied by
the quality of graduate passing out the engineering colleges (FICCI-World Bank employer satisfaction Survey 2009)
25% of Engineers found unemployable by the industry (NASSCOM)
Going Forward…
India in 2030
India is likely to be the third largest economy
with a GDP size of $15 trillion by 2030
Amongst the youngest nation in the world-
median age of India’s 1.5 billion will be mere
32
Largest contributor to global workforce
One in every four graduates in the world will
be a product of the India higher education
system
Roadmap for moving towards Excellence
…A 21st century model for higher education that is of high quality, yet
equitable and affordable and makes India a role-model for a higher
education system that is not just the best in the world but the best for the
world…..
Higher Education Architecture
Higher Education Foundation
7. Funding 6. Governance/Leadership
1. Curricu
la &pedagogy
2. Faculty
3. Researc
h
4. Partner
ships
5. Infrastructure
1. Curricula & Pedagogy
Opportunities for Private Sector
Introduce multi-disciplinary, liberal arts, industry oriented,
entrepreneurship and skill based courses
Introduce new pedagogical techniques: blended learning,
flipped classroom, experiential learning using Massive
Open Online Courses (MOOCs)
Introduce courses in social sciences, entrepreneurship &
community development
2. Faculty
Attract & retain high quality faculty by incentivising and
rewarding mechanism
Industry professionals & foreign faculty to act as visiting
faculty/mentors/member of board of studies etc.
Faculty development and exchange programs with top
end institutions
Provide Learner centric,
experiential & life-long learning
approach
Provide access to
quality faculty from
Universities & Industry
Opportunities for Private Sector…Continued
3. Research
Develop research parks & incubation centers in
universities
Mobilise endowment sponsored research
Develop industry and academia collaborations to
promote applied research
Promote industry driven
academic & applied
research & development
4. Partnerships
Strengthen
partnerships with public and foreign universities/
HEIs & industry
Forge tie-ups between HEIs & Training providers to
launch employment oriented modules
Tie-ups with International accreditation agencies
Tie-ups for research & development
23 23
FICCI-NKFH: “Hub-&-Spoke” Framework
Opportunities for Private Sector…Continued
5. Infrastructure
Creating
World class infrastructure
High quality & state of the art campus development to
match global standards
Set up virtual classrooms to widen reach/access
Leverage the MOOCs model – access high quality
content/courses at low cost
6. Governance/Leadership
Facilitating transparent Regulatory
environment &
Accountable HEIs/Univs
Fast track implementation of mandatory
accreditation by setting up accreditation/rating
agencies
Introduce corporate best practices in governance of
universities by bringing in transparent processes and
disclosure norms
Opportunities for Private Sector..Continued
7. Funding
Modes of
new Funding
Competitive research funding & grants from public
sources
Start up funding from PE/VCs
Individual & Corporate Endowments
Alumni Funding
FICCI Vision for Higher Education 2030
The country has emerged to be a global magnet for aspiring learners, and a role model for high-quality affordable educational system
Single largest provider of global talent,
with one in four graduates in the world
being a product of the Indian system
23 Indian universities among the global top
200
Regional hub for higher
education 6 Indian Intellectuals have been awarded
Nobel prize
The Country has
augmented its GER to
50%
Gracias por su amable atención “Thank you for your kind Attention"
Visit us at
www.ficci.com
www.ficci-hes.com / www.ficci-nkfh.com Contact us at:
education@ficci.com
Sources:
FICCI-EY Reports 2011, 12 & 13 and
Planning Commission Reports
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