Internet Standardization and the IETFITU Telecom ‘99 2 Thoughts I would like to address •IETF...

1 ITU Telecom ‘99

Internet Standardization and the IETF

Fred Baker

IETF Chair

2 ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org

Thoughts I would like to address

• IETF History, Structure, and Procedure

Who’s who in the IETF

• Relations among standards bodies

Who does what and why

• The big problems in the Internet

Ongoing work

How we’re going to solve them

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IETF History

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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

• Historical developer of internet-related protocols

http://www.ietf.org

Consortium of individuals from

Research,

Education,

Network operators, and

Internet vendors

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Changed IETF composition and roles

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1000

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2500

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IETF Number

Att

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dan

ce

Actual Avg..

Vendor/International

Research/Education

primarily US

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Growth of international involvement in IETF

• Principle for placement of meetings:

“If I am doing the work, the meeting should sometimes be in my neighborhood”

• But most work is done on mailing lists anyway…

• Non-US Meetings:

1990: Vancouver

1993: Amsterdam

1994: Toronto

1995: Stockholm

1996: Montreal

1997: Munich

1999: Oslo

2000: Adelaide

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USA 71.6%

Other

5.5%

JAPAN 7.6%

Sweden

1.8%

Germany

1.9% France 2.0%

Canada 3.1% UK 4.2%

Netherlands 2.2%

IETF Growth by Country

• December 1996

• 11 Countries

• July 1999

• 33 Countries

Japan

6%

USA

48%

Other

8%

Italy

2%

Netherlands

3%

Canada

3%

France

4%

Finland

4%

Germany

5%

Norway

5%

UK

6%

Sweden

6%

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IETF Structure

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IETF structures and key forums

• Internet Architecture Board

• Internet Engineering Steering Group

• Working groups in eight areas

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Internet Architecture Board (IAB)

• Mission

“Supreme court” on appeals of IESG decisions

Think tank for future internet activities

• Recent activities

Really worried right now about

•End to end model of the internet

•Impact of wireless communications

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Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG)

• Mission

Assure open-ness and adherence to process

Working group chartering and management

“Quality assurance” on specifications

• Activities and trends

Currently drawn into a “privacy” debate

Better addressed in area activities

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Working groups in eight areas

Internet

Routing

Transport

Applications

Security

Network operations and management

User services

General

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Internet

• Mission

IP/foo specifications

Interface configuration and management

IP developments, mostly IP6

• 15 working groups

Interface mibs, dnsind, dhcp, ipng, IP/cable|ADSL|IEEE 1394, PPP, ion, ...

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Routing

• Mission

“So how does a packet get there, anyway?”

• 17 working groups

BGMP, MPLS, MSDP, manet, vrrp, bgp, ospf, idmr, SNA...

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Transport

• Mission

QoS management

End to End delivery issues

Telephony issues

• 22 working groups

Diff-serv, int-serv, megaco, sigtran, audio/video, rap, ...

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Applications

• Mission

Infrastructure applications development and extension

Historical applications

• 26 working groups

Web, LDAP, edi, nntp, smtp, ftp, telnet, calendaring, mime, etc.

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Security

• Mission

Developing procedures and protocols to enhance security in the internet

• 15 working groups

Ipsec, pki, transport layer security, web transaction security, pgp, one time password, etc...

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Network Operations and Management (O&M)

• Mission

Making sure there is operational clue looking at the specifications and procedures

Network management (used to mean SNMP)

Making those two talk with each other

Y2k

• 20 working groups

Snmpv3, policy, various mibs, agent extensibility...

Ngtrans, year2000, mbone deployment, routing policy system, ...

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User Services

• Mission

Provide documentation of IETF procedures to less involved communities

• 4 working groups

Responsible use of the net

Web elucidation of internet-related developments

FYI updates

User services

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General

• Mission

If we can’t think of another place to put it, it goes here

• 1 working group

Poisson: standing rules committee

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Working group summary

• We have ~120 working groups

Not all currently active

• Cover support of infrastructure for the commercial IP internet

Not too worried about research network, unless they use the same technology

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IETF Process

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Membership

• IETF members are people

As opposed to nations or companies

• Communications tend to be among people

As opposed to working groups, boards, etc.

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Fundamental working principle

“

”

We do not worry about

presidents and kings;

We work by rough consensus

and running code Dr. David C. Clark,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Two types of documents

• Internet Drafts

• RFC - “Request for Comments”

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Internet Drafts

• Most analogous to ITU “contributions” and “working papers”

Not necessarily work items

Half of all internet drafts are simply documents people have chosen to post

• Types of drafts

Working Group documents

Submissions to working groups

Individual Submissions

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RFCs

• Historical Archive

• Many kinds of documents

Informational

Historical

Experimental

Standards

• Standards

Proposed, Draft, Full

Best Current Practice

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Development Process

• Bottom-up

WG charters developed to support work people want to do

• Development Process

Working groups develop

IESG reviews

RFC Editor publishes

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Relations among standards bodies

“Anyone who likes legislation or sausage should watch neither one

being made”

Baron von Bismarck

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Historical role of various standards bodies

• ITU-T

• IEEE

• ETSI

• W3C

• IETF

• Various marketing fora

ATM Forum

ADSL Forum

MPLS Forum

etc...

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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

• Primarily link layer LAN standards

http://ieee.org/

Especially LAN standards in 802 series

IEEE 802.1 Bridging

IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD Networks (Ethernet)

IEEE 802.5 Token Ring Networks

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European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)

• European Telephony Standards

http://www.etsi.org

GSM Telephones

WAP - Wireless Access Protocol

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World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

• Primarily Web services

http://www.w3.org

Headed by Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of HTML

• Developed HTML, XML, etc.

34 ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org

ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)

• Primarily related to telephony

http://www.itu.int/ITU-T

Consortium of

Telephone companies

Their traditional vendors

35 ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org

ITU-T Developments

• Various connector standards

X.21, V.35, etc.

• Physical/Link layer network standards

X.25, Frame Relay, ATM, SDH

• Telephony on specific substrate

H.32x/H.310

• Specific collaboration:

H.323 uses IETF Data format

• Points of possible overlap with IETF

IP/SDH

MPLS

IP/ATM

ISO JTC1 voice control

IP Telephony call signaling

36 ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org

IETF: Infrastructure protocols

• Some link layer

PPP

• Network Layer

IP4, IP6

Routing protocols

• Transport Layer

TCP, UDP, RTP

• Security services

Transport Layer Security, IPSEC, ISAKMP

• Telephony Signaling

Signaling transport

• Quality support

Differentiated Services

Integrated Services

37 ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org

IETF: Infrastructure applications

• SNMP management

• SMTP mail

• DNS name services

• LDAP Policy services

• telnet virtual terminal protocol

• FTP file transfer

• HTTP Web transfer

• and more...

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How IETF sees work divided

• Applications come from all over

• IETF

Provides network infrastructure

Tends to use interfaces defined by other bodies

HTML

HTTP

UDP RTP

Ethernet ATM Frame Relay PPP

Cellular Radio

Telephony

Signaling

A variety of physical layers and interfaces

Internet Protocol

TCP

Mail SNMP

Voice/ Video

Data

IEEE ETSI

W3C

ITU-T

MPLS

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So where is the Internet going?

“As for the future, your task is not to foresee, but to enable it.”

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

40 ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org

IETF vision for the future

• Short term

Internet as interconnected competing service providers

• Long term

Internet as universal interconnect

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Internet as interconnected competing service providers

• Dominated by

Service Providers and

Large enterprises

• A “network of networks” which have different policies and goals

42 ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org

Internet as universal interconnect

• IETF believes that the internet is the network of tomorrow

Telephone companies seem to agree

But how intelligent a network?

• Would like to see common procedures and protocols used throughout

Minimize translation problems

43 ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org

• Email

• Information search/access

• Subscription services/“Push”

• Conferencing/ multimedia

• Video/imaging

250

200

150

100

50

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Traffic Projections for Voice and Data

Rel. Bit Volume

Circuit Switched Voice

Data (IP)

“From 2000 on, 80% of Service

Provider Profits Will Be Derived

from IP-Based Services.”

Source: CIMI Corp.

Growth of IP Traffic

Source: Multiple IXC Projections

Cross over date

varies with

measuring point

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In summary...

“I came, I saw, I couldn’t believe my eyes”

Julius Caesar,

as portrayed in Asterix in Britain

45 ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org

When standards collide...

• Increasingly, convergence of Internet and PSTN networks causes collisions between the bodies that define their protocols and procedures

• The solution has to be in finding ways to:

Not compete in standardization

Focus on the problems remaining to be solved

46 ITU Telecom ‘99 www.ietf.org

The place of standards bodies

• Each has its place in the mix

We need to work together on a global basis

• Competition between standards promotes inability to

Share solutions to common problems

Communicate among subscribers