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8/9/2019 Intro Hardware
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Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 1
Introduction to Computer Science
Polly Huang
NTU EEhttp://cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw/~phuang
phuang@cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw
Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 2
Inside Your PC
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Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 3
Todays Computer
Real Life View
Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 4
Inside Your PC
Input/Output
On the Inside
Storage
Processing
Other parts not on standard teachingmaterial
Looking into the Future
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Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 5
Todays Computer
Real Life View
Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 6
Input devices
Accept data or commands and convertthem to electronic form
Getting data into the computer
Typing on a keyboard
Pointing with a mouse
Scanning with a scanner or bar-code reader
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Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 7
Keyboard
Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 8
Types of Keyboard
101-key Enhanced keyboard
104-key Windows keyboard
3 more keys?
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Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 9
Types of Keys
Typing, numeric, function, and controlkeys
Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 10
QWERTY Layout
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Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 11
A Legacy Technology
Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 12
Slower is Better
The mechanical typewriter
Key attached to the typebar
Typebar tip molded with the corresponding letter
So striking the key will rest the typebar on thepaper, and therefore leave a print of the letter
The design consideration
If typed too fast, typebars jam
To SLOW DOWN the speed, spread the often-typed letters apart in the layout
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Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 13
But computer keyboards areno longer mechanical.
Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 14
There Are Alternatives
Dvorak Layout
To minimize the amount of fingermovement
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Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 15
Its not a perfect world.
Pollys Law:
Consumers takes the cheap andgood-enough option
Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 16
A Computer Itself
MicroprocessorKey Matrix
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Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 17
Circuit Underneath A Key
Constant
current
Constant
current
Press the Key
Detect
current
Microprocessor
The position on
the key matrix
(16 bytes)
Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 18
To the PC
PS/2 Connector
PCKeyboard
The position on
the key matrix
(16 bytes)
Power
(5 Volt)
Keyboard
Controller
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Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 19
Mouse
Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 20
>
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Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 21
A Natural Interface
Now, think back when you are a baby
You saw theres some nice apple juice inyour bottle right on the desk
What do you do to let your mom knowyou want that bottle?
Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 22
Moms Are Great
Computers are stupider than the moms
They only start to know what people mean bypointing in about late 1970s
Macintosh APPLE IIs evolve first
Windows 3.1 comes later for IBM PCs
GUI (Graphical User Interface)
This explains why would anyone use commandline at all
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Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 23
Types of Mouse Mechanical
Use rollers to trackmotion
Track ball
Optical
Use a tiny camera totracking the motion
LED (red lightbeamer)
Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 24
Mechanical Mouse
Two Rollers
One vertical
One horizontal
Rolled by thetrack ball
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Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 25
Spinning Disk Each roller connects
to a shaft
The shaft spins adisk
The disk has 36
holes around theouter edge
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Pulses of Light
A pair of infra-redLED and sensor oneither side of the
disk LED beams infra-red
light
The holes break thebeam of light as thedisk spins
Sensor receivespulses of light
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Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 27
The Mouse Guts
The microprocessordetects
The number ofpulses
3 bytes
Send the datathrough
PS/2 connector
Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 28
Optical Mouse
A tiny camera
1,500 pictures everysecond
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Polly Huang, NTU EE Hardware 29
Taking the Pictures Red LED beams
Mouse pad bouncesback the light
CMOS senses theimage from thebounced light
CMOS >
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