Introducon to Bioprocess Engineering SQBI2513ocw.utm.my/file.php/108/Basic_bioreactor.pdf ·...

Basictobioreactor

KianMauGOH,PhD

FacultyofBiosciencesandBioengineeringh=p://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/GohKianMau/CurriculumVitae

IntroducGontoBioprocessEngineeringSQBI2513

SuggestedReferences:•  Chapter5‐Introduc7ontoBiochemicalEngineering.

•  BioprocessEngineering.Shuler.(9.1,9.2,9.3,9.5,15.4.1,10.4)

•  BioprocessEngineeringPrinciples.PaulineM.Doran.(P248.3B561995)

•  Opera7onmodesofbioreactors.(TP.248.25.B55O631992)

•  BioreactorDesignandproductyield(TP248.25B55B561992).

Whatisbioreactor?

•  Thebioreactor=avesselwherebiological/biochemicalreacGontakesplace

•  bioreactor≅biochemicalreactor≅biologicalreactor≅fermenter≅microbialreactor.

Theuseofbioreactor

Cells E____e

Freecell Immobilizecell

Aeroboranaerob

Free Immobilize

Wetordry

Part Func*on

SGrrer/impeller

sparger

motor

jacket

Airinletfilter

Exhaustairport

Exhaustairfilter

Inoculumport

anGfoam

Samplingport

Coldwater

Flowmeter

PartsandfuncGons

Monitoringinbioreactor•  Monitoring=useofdevicetoobservesomething.

•  Parametersusuallybeenmonitored:– Temperature– ConcentraGon– Pressure– pH– Dissolvedoxygen– ProducGonofbioproduct– Cellgrowth

Basicknowledge

•  Only70‐80%ofthevolumeofbatchreactorsisfilledwithliquid;–  thisallowsadequateheadspacefordisengagement(breakingoff)ofdropletsfromtheexhaustgasandtoaccommodateanyfoamwhichmaydevelop.

•  Formingcanbesolvedby:–  Installfoambreaker– AddanGform

Batchbioreactor‐idealmixing

What is ideal?

Batchbioreactor‐idealmixing

•  Idealwell‐mixedbioreactor=–  fluidishomogeneousthroughthereactor.

•  Homogeneous=– nodeadzones– Noclumpsofundissolvedsolidsubstrate

–  noconcentraGongradients.

FementaGon/cellculturemode

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Batch Fed‐batch Con*nuous

Please name the differences?

Batchbioreactor

•  AgerinoculaGon,theprocessisleguntouched,ienomaterialisaddedtoorremovedfromthereactor.

•  However,thereactormightbeaerated.

•  Batchreactorsareogenreferredtoasclosedsystems.

•  Theterm'closed'referstothefactthatmaterialcanneitherenternorleavethereactor.(excepGonal:airinandairout)

Fed‐batchbioreactor

•  Thefed‐batchreacGon(FBR)isabatchreactortowhich,whenthenutrientsapproachdepleGon,freshnutrientsareadded.

•  Inotherwords,thereactorisfed.

•  ItisassumedthattheconcentraGonofthenutrientsaddedissohighthatvolumechangesarenegligible(jusGfyingthebatchpartofthename).

Engineeringproblem

•  SomeGmeasGrredtankcannotbeusedincertainapplicaGon.

•  Therefore,somenewdesignshavebeenproposedanddesignedbasedonindividualneeds.

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AlternaGvedesign•  Bubblecolumn•  Airligreactor•  Membranebioreactor

•  Immobilizedbioreactor

•  Fluidizedbioreactor•  Trickle‐bedreactor•  Wavebioreactor

•  Photobioreactor•  SolidstatefermentaGon 14

Bubblecolumn

•  NOmechanicalagitaGon.•  AeraGonandmixingareachievedbygassparging

•  requireslessenergythanmechanicalsGrring.

•  Height‐to‐diameterraGoisusuallyhigh(why?)

Brainstorming

•  Isthemixinginbubblecolumn– Random?Why?

– Nonrandom?Why?

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Airligbioreactor

•  TheirdisGnguishingfeaturecomparedwiththebubblecolumnisthatofliquidflowaremoredefinedowingtothephysicalseparaGonofup‐flowinganddown‐flowingstreams.

•  gasisspargedintoapartofthevesselsecGoncalledtheriser.

•  Gasdisengagesatthetopofthevesselleavingheavierbubble‐freeliquidtorecirculatethroughthedowncomer.

•  Liquidcirculatesinairligreactorsasaresultof

Fluidizedbedbioreactor

•  Normallythevesselisnotfullypackedwiththebeadfortheexpansionandmovementofthebed.

•  Whenpackedbedsareoperatedinupflowmodewithbeadsofappropriatesizeanddensity,thebedexpandsatliquidflowratesduetoupwardmoGonoftheparGcles.

•  BecauseparGclesinfluidizedbedsareinconstantmoGon,channelingandcloggingofthebedareavoidedandaircanbeintroduceddirectlyintothecolumn.

Trinkle‐bedbioreactor

•  Trickle‐bedreactorisanothervariaGonofthepackedbed.

•  Liquidissprayedontothetopofpackingandtricklesdownthroughthebedinsmallrivulets.

•  Airmaybeintroducedatthebase.Trickle‐bed‐bioreactorsareusedwidelyforaerobicwastewatertreatment.

Wavebioreactor

•  Disposable reactor •  Normally for mammalian cell-culture

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Photobioreactor

•  Lately developed for microalgae

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Membranebioreactor(MBR)

•  InamembranereactorconGnuousprocessingispossibleifproducGonandseparaGoncanbeincorporatedinonesystem.

•  OneapplicaGonofthemembranebioreactoristoremoveproductthatisformed,especiallyforthosethatcaninhibittheenzymereacGon.