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Introduction to Embedded System
Outline What is embedded system Where we can see embedded system Why we need embedded system How to develop embedded system
What is embedded system Embedded system
Embedded systems are computing systems with tightly coupled hardware and software integration
Are designed to perform a dedicated function The word embedded reflects the fact that these systems
are usually an integral part of a larger system, known as the embedding system
Source: Qing Li, Caroline Yao, “Real-Time Concepts for Embedded Systems”
Standalone embedded system vs. embedded system
Handset Standalone embedded system
AV Codec on a LCD TV Systems in system
Source: http://www.nokia.com/ Source: http://www.proton.com.tw/
Where we can see embedded system Home environment
Source: http://focus.ti.com/docs/solution/folders/print/80.html
Where we can see embedded system Office environment
Source: http://focus.ti.com/docs/solution/folders/print/394.html
Where we can see embedded system Toy
Source: http://lejos-osek.sourceforge.net/
Where we can see embedded system Transportation
Source: http://www.deviceforge.com/news/NS2103472986.html
Where we can see embedded system Industrial automation
Medical system
Source: http://www.asnc.org/
Where we can see embedded system Defense
Aerospace
Source: http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/newsroom/pressreleases/20040124a.html http://modelcraft.50g.com/shwrm/showcase/model_24.htm
Source: http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/m1.htm
Why we need embedded system X86 PC
Source: http://www.pcmech.com/article/pc-form-factors
Source: http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/teams-pentium-4-ddr,355-4.html
Xbox 360
http://www.cdrinfo.com/images/uploaded/Xbox_Architecture_large.gif
Source: http://www.llamma.com/xbox360/news/images/xbox-360-elite/360_original_mobo.jpg
Why we need embedded system Just fits your needs Fits your special needs
Real-time, environment (temperature), … Low cost Dedicated design Easy to use Size Low power …
Requirements, requirements and requirements
Embedded vs. general purpose Embedded system
Few applications that are known at design time (clear requirements for inputs and environment)
Not programmable by end users
Fixed run-time requirements (additional computing power not useful)
Criteria Cost Power consumption Predictability …
General purpose computer Broad class of applications
Programmable by end users
Faster is better
Criteria
Cost Average speed …
How to develop embedded system
Product Specification
SW/HW Partition
High level design & Iteration
H/W Low level design
S/W Low level design
H/W Imple- mentation
S/W Imple- mentation
H/W testing
S/W testing
H/W & SW integration
System testing
Product relea & maintenanc
40% 30-40% 20-30%
Requirement development phase
Project Engineering
Process Customer
Product management representative
Technical representative, e.g. director,
manager, chief engineers
Project Initiated
Requirements
Contract
System engineering for embedded system Contract System requirement specifications (SRS)
Software requirement specifications Hardware requirement specifications
System design specification (SDS) Software (high level/low level) design specifications Hardware (high level/low level) design specifications
System testing specification (STS) Software testing specification Hardware testing specification Function, module, integrated, SW/HW integrated, interface,
conformance, stress, burn testing
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