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Introduction to HDD
Vermeer North Atlantic Sales & Service
Horizontal Directional
Drilling Machines
Machine Size Classes
Directional Drill Machines are
mostly rated by two specifications.
Thrust
Rotational
Torque
Machines with 6K to 10K lbs of thrust are
typically installing ½” to 2” diameter pipe
under 300’ in length. These drills carry 200’ to
400’ of drill rod onboard.
D10X15 S3
Machines with 20K to 40K lbs of thrust install
pipe ranging from 2” to 12” diameter. These
drills carry 400’ to 600’ of drill rod onboard.
D20X22 S3
D23X30 S3
D24X40 S3
D40X55 S3
D60X90 S3
Machines with 50K to 100K of thrust install 12” to
24” diameter pipe for distances of 1000’.
Onboard rod carrying capacity is 360’ with
separate rod boxes loaded as needed.
D100X140 S3
Machines with 150K to 1.5M pounds of thrust
install various diameter pipe for distances over
1000’.
D220X300 S3
D330X500
D500X500
D750X900
D1000X900
D1320X900
HDD Drill rod
FIRESTICK
HDD Drill Rod vary with the specifications of
the Drill Machine. Drill rod sizes range from
1.6” diameter X 6’ long to over 6” diameter X
30’ long.
The Drill Rod conveys the drill fluid
down hole and transfers the Thrust and
Rotation of the machine to the drill head or
backreamer underground.
Each length of rod is threaded
together by the machine and
tightened to a specific torque.
After the rod is coupled together, it is drilled
into the ground using thrust, rotation, and
fluid.
Drill Head Location
Equipment
Radio Transmission
Locate Points
Rear Forward Over Drillhead
Rear Forward Over Drillhead
Depth Measurement
Overhead View of Locate Points
+
-
Drill Bit
Bit Profile
Steering the Drill
12 6
9 3
Drill Fluid and Reaming
Purpose of Drill Fluid
during Pilot Bore
• Cool Electronics in Drill Head
• Assist Penetration of Drill Bit
• Assist steering of Drill Head
• Stabilize Pilot bore hole
• Suspend cuttings
• Lubricate Drill Rod
Back Reaming
Back Reaming is the process of
opening and stabilizing the bore hole to
the appropriate size for installing the
pipe.
Back Reaming uses the reverse thrust,
rotational torque, and drill fluid flow of the
drill machine.
Back Reamer Selection
• Size of Pipe being installed (O.D.)
X 1.5 = Back Reamer size
(size may vary with conditions)
Pre-reaming
Pre-reaming is a technique used to incrementally
increase the diameter of the bore hole before
making the product pull.
Pre-reaming is used for all types of ground
conditions, product sizes, and bore lengths.
Pre-reaming is one of the simplest techniques to
insure success.
It’s all about the FLOW!
Purpose of Drill Fluid during
Backreaming
• Assist cutting action of the Backreamer
• Stabilize bore hole
• Mix with the cuttings into a flowable slurry
• Convey cuttings out of the bore while pipe
is being pulled in
• Lubricate pipe being installed
Basic Drill Fluid Ingredients
• Water
• Bentonite
• Polymers
• Wetting Agents
• Soda Ash
Viscosity
The property of resistance to flow in a fluid
or semifluid.
Gel Strength
Ability of the drilling mud to suspend drilled
solids and weighting material when
circulation is ceased.
Polymers
Drill Fluid Equipment
Fluid Equipment Section
•Volume
•Ability vacuum and dump
returns
•Time
•Economics
Mixing Systems
•Tank: holds drill fluid
•Pump: circulates and mixes fluid, transfers fluid
to drill rig
•Engine: powers pump
•Venturi Hopper: introduces bentonite into tank
•Roll Jet: circulates and agitates fluid
•Antifreeze System: tank and valve used to
winterize the pump
MX240
D24X40II and up
MX125
D7X11II to D20X22II
Fluid Recycler
RECYLER COMPONENTS
• TANKS HOLD CLEAN AND DIRTY FLUID
• SHAKERS SEPARATE LIQUIDS FROM SOLIDS
• CONES SEPARATE SILT FROM LIQUIDS
• PIT PUMP TRANSFERS DIRTY FLUID FROM PIT TO RECYCLER
• DISCHARGE PUMP TRANSFERS CLEANFLUID OUT OF RECYCLER
• CONE PUMP SEND FLUID THROUGH CONES TO THE CLEAN TANK
• GENERATOR POWERS EVERYTHING
Pit Pump
STAND ALONE PUMP
SA400
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