View
273
Download
3
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Introduction to HP-UX 11i v2
HP-UX 11i v1 -> 11i v2 Delta Support Training
204/21/23
Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you will be able to• List and describe the major changes in HP-UX 11i v2 in the
following areas– Supported systems and hardware – Firmware and boot environment– Installation– System configuration– System administration– Commands– Programming and development environment
304/21/23
Release Review
Official Name Release Identifier
Architecture
HP-UX 11i Version 1 (v1) B.11.11 PA-RISC
HP-UX 11i Version 1.5 (v1.5) B.11.20 Intel® Itanium®
HP-UX 11i Version 1.6 (v1.6) B.11.22 Intel® Itanium®
HP-UX 11i Version 2 (v2) B.11.23 Intel® Itanium®
HP-UX 11i Version 3.1 B.11.31 Intel@Itanium,PA_RISC
404/21/23
Terminology Differences
rx7620rx8620HP Integrity Superdome
Event IdsForward Progress Log (FPL)Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI)Machine Check Abort (MCA)System Event Log (SEL)PCIXINITCorrectable Machine Check (CMC)Correctable Platform Error (CPE)
rp7410rp8400
Superdome
Chassis CodesActivity Logs
BCHHPMC
ErrorlogPCI
TOCSingle Bit Error (SBE)
ASIC SBE
Supported Systems and Hardware
Supported SystemsccNUMA SupportSupported Peripherals
604/21/23
Supported Systems Matrix
Existing Intel® Itanium® 2 (McKinley) platforms• zx2000, zx6000, rx2600, rx5670, NEC u32000, Hitachi ha8500
New/Updated Integrity Systems
Not supported: i2000, rx4610, rx9610, NCR i870
Model # Project Name # CPUs Max IO Slots
zx2000 Wilson’s Peak 1-2 5 PCI, 1 AGP
zx6000 Long’s Peak 1-2 3 PCI, 1 AGP
rx2600 Long’s Peak 1-2 4
rx4640 Mt. Diablo 1-4 6
rx5670 Everest 1-4 10
rx7620 Eiger 2-8 15, 2 Core I/O
rx8620 Olympia 2-16 16, 2 Core I/O
Integrity Superdome Orca 2-64 192
704/21/23
Workstations and Entry-level Servers
Workstations• zx2000 (Wilson’s Peak)
– 1 GHz (Deerfield) Processor with 1.5 MB L3 Cache
• zx6000 (Long’s Peak)– 1-2 CPUs– 1.3 GHz Madison Processor w/6MB L3 Cache (New!)– 1.5 GHz Madison Processor w/6MB L3 Cache (New!)
Entry-level Servers• All now shipping with 1.3/1.5 GHz Madison processor
– rx2600 (also Long’s Peak)• 1-2 CPUs, 4 PCI, 2U
– rx4640 (Mt. Diablo)• 1-4 CPUs, 6 PCI, 4U
– rx5670 (Everest)• 1-4 CPUs, 10 PCI, 7U
804/21/23
Cell-based Servers
Mid-range• rx7620/rx8620 (Eiger/Olympia)
– Itanium®-based versions of the rp7410 and rp8400
High-end• HP Integrity Superdome (Orca)
– Significant bus bandwidth improvements from PA-RISC– Support Management Station (SMS) is Windows 200x PC
Notable Characteristics of all cell-based systems• All cells must be Intel Itanium processors
• No mixing processors (1.3 vs. 1.5 GHz) within partition
• New cell boards based on Pinnacles chipset
904/21/23
ccNUMA Support
HP's cell-based platforms are ccNUMA• ccNUMA = cache coherent, Non-Uniform Memory Access
• Latency and bandwidth of a same-cell memory access is better than accessing memory on a different cell
For ccNUMA platforms, HP-UX 11i v2 isccNUMA-aware• Maintains good behavior for applications that are not
ccNUMA-aware
• Gives ccNUMA-aware applications the ability to control their memory placement as well as processor placement
Core feature of HP-UX 11i v2
1004/21/23
Storage Card Support
Support for Interrupt Migration & PCI OLAR• Not all cards (see Release Notes for details)
SCSI Cards• 1 and 2-port Ultra160 SCSI (A6828A and A6829A)
– Multi-initiator configurations supported• 1 and 2-port LVD Ultra2 SCSI (A5149A and A5150A)• 2-port SCSI/LAN Combo (A5838A)• Limitations for A5149A, A5150A, and A5838A
– No boot/OLAR/multi-initiator/ServiceGuard support– Default SCSI parameters only
• Unsupported – 2-port HVD Ultra2 SCSI (A5159A & A5159B)– 1-port FWD SCSI (A4800A)
Fibre Channel Adapters (A5158A and A6795A)• A5158A supported for in-box upgrades only• Support for A6826A sometime after initial release
1104/21/23
Supported Storage Devices
Disk Arrays (Supported off of A6795A Only)• XP512/48
• XP1024/128
• VA7110, VA7400 and VA7410
• EVA 3000 and EVA 5000
JBODs• DS2100, DS2110, DS2300
Archival Tape• SureStore Tape Libraries
– LVD only, 90-days after HP-UX 11i v2 SR
1204/21/23
Other Supported I/O Cards
Networking• 4-port 10/100B-T Ethernet (A5506B)• FDDI Dual Attach Adapter (A3739B)• ATM 155Mbps MMF Adapter (A5513A)• Token Ring Adapter (A5783A)• 2-port X.25 Adapter (J3525A)• 1000B-T Ethernet (A8685A)• 1000B-T and 1000B-SX Ethernet (A6825A and A6847A)• 1000B-T Ethernet on Core I/O (A6794A)• Legacy 1000B-T and 1000B-SX Ethernet (A4929A and A4926A)• 10/100B-T (RJ-45) (A5230A)• HyperFabric II (A6386A)
Other• 8-port and 64-port Mux (A6748A and A6749A)• New ATI Fire GL cards (A9653A and A9654A)
Firmware and Boot Environment Changes
Itanium-based System OverviewFirmware Components ComparisonBoot Disk Layout Comparison
1404/21/23
Itanium-based System Overview
PLATFORM HARDWARE
PLATFORM SPECIFIC FIRMWARE
OPERATING SYSTEM
EFI OS LOADEREFIAPI
EFI BOOT SERVICES
Mem
ory
Tim
er
BootDevices
ProtocolsHandlers
EFI Drivers
EFIRUNTIMESERVICES
EFI SYSTEMPARTITION
OSPARTITION
EFI DRIVERS
EFI OS Loader
ACPI
1504/21/23
Firmware Components Comparison
PA-RISC Intel Itanium Role
PDC Processor AbstractionLayer (PAL)
Consistent firmware interface to abstract processor implementation-specific features
IODC System AbstractionLayer (SAL)
Firmware interface that isolates OS and other higher level software from implementation differences in the platform
BCH Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI)
Primary pre-OS boot environment. Defines interfaces used by system in booting OS
ISL HPUX Boot loader
PDC Downcalls ACPI/IPMI Primary runtime interface for the OS. Used to provide system configuration information and an interface for things like power management.
1604/21/23
Boot Disk Layout Comparison
MBR – Master Boot RecordPartition Table• Describes locations of partitions on the disk
EFI System Partition• First partition on the boot drive containing the EFI images, FAT 32• Contains drivers, applications, and vendor tools
HP Service Partition• Created by default on cold install or recovery, 400 MB, FAT 32• Contains Online and Offline Diag tools and data
Red
un
dan
tP
artition
Tab
le
HP-UX 11i v1(PA-RISC)
HP-UX 11i v2(Intel Itanium)
HP-UX PartitionHP
ServicePartition
Partitio
nT
able
MB
R
EF
I Sys
Partitio
n
HP-UX PartitionLIFISL/IPL
*DrawingNot ToScale
1704/21/23
Miscellany
Scalable Boot• Parallel ioscans, reduce boot time by up to 95%
setboot Command • Support for setting the High Availability Alternate boot path
• SpeedyBoot
Named Kernel Configurations• Can now boot to a named kernel configuration
Waived Defect JAGae79536• HPUX bootloader leaks memory if interrupted multiple times
Boot Authentication• Protect standard system against unauthorized booting into
single user mode without converting to trusted mode system
Installation Changes
Cold Install and Update SupportInstall-time Security - Bastille
1904/21/23
Cold Install and Update Support
Update from HP-UX 11i v1.6 Servers only• Update from HP-UX 11i v1 or HP-UX 11i v1.5 not supported
• No support for update from HP-UX 11i v1.6 MTOE
• Cannot update to higher OE
– Update to equivalent OE first, then install higher OE• No support for update from xx2000 or xx6000 workstations
• Note that i2000, rx4610, rx9610 are not supported at all
HP Service Partition will not be created during update• Result will be reduced offline diagnostic functionality
Cold Install Advantages• HP Service Partition will be created on Boot Disk
• Use of Ignite-UX server makes standard configurations easy
• Partitions will be sized for HP-UX 11i v2
2004/21/23
Install-time Security - Bastille
Bastille is a security hardening/lockdown tool • Introduces new, out-of-the-box security functionality.
Bastille 2.1.1 open source security is built into install process• May also appear during update, if B6849AA is chosen
Bundle chosen determines degree of security• Take care! Highest levels disable most network access
– If any level is activated, logging in as root over network is disallowed
• Secure Shell is the only allowed method as DMZ level, for example
Bundle Name Effect on System Behavior
Sec00Tools Install security infrastructure only
Sec10Host Host-based lockdown
Sec20MngDMZ Lockdown
Sec30DMZ Full lockdown
System Configuration Changes
Kernel Configuration ChangesResource PartitioningnPartition Management
2204/21/23
kcweb
Reconfiguring the Kernel
Running Kernel
KernelExecutable
Boot
Kernel Configuration
Alternate Kernel Config
Option 1: Configure and Reboot
Option 2: Configure Dynamically
Option 3: Configure Alternate
kconfigkctune
kcmodule
System restart not always necessary!
GUI CLI
2304/21/23
Functionality Changes
Obsoleted Cmdsconfig(1M), kmadmin(1M), kminstall(1M), kmmodreg(1M), kmsystem(1M), kmupdate(1M)
Deprecated Cmds kmtune(1M), kmpath(1M), and mk_kernel(1M)
New Commands/Utilitieskcweb(1M) (Kernel Configuration tool), kcusage(1M), kcalarm(1M), kconfig(1M), kcmodule(1M), kctune(1M), kclog(1M), and kcpath(1M)
Tunables Made Dynamic many file system tunables
New Dynamic Tunablesmax_thread_proc, nproc, nkthread, maxdsiz, many file system tunables, many others
Obsoleted Tunablesshmem (VM), sema (PM), mesg (PM), maxusers, others
Other Changes
•You no longer compile the kernel
•You no longer backup or copy kernel executables to other systems
•Instead, you now manage kernel “configurations”
Kernel Configuration Changes Overview
2404/21/23
Resource Partitioning
iCOD 6.0• Always installed• Email connectivity required only for temporary capacity
PPU 6.0 supportedPRM (v C.02.01.01)• PRM now supports VxVM for disk bandwidth management• Kernel support for Real Time Extensions to processor sets
WLM (v A.02.01.01)• Utility (wlminfo(1)) for monitoring workloads and their SLOs• Auditing and billing information• Adjust # of CPUs in PSET-based workload groups based on SLOs• Passive mode to test a given WLM configuration• Capture stderr of data collectors • Temporarily remove groups with no active SLOs
WLMTK (v A.01.04.01)• Toolkit for BEA WebLogic Server
2504/21/23
nPartition Management
nPartition Commands • Management scope extended to remote partitions and
complexes
• Support management of Cell Local Memory (CLM)
• New command - cplxmodify(1M)
• Full integration with iCOD 6.0
Complex security enabled with Configuration Privilege Restriction
nPartition Provider (v B.01.00)• New, provides WBEM-based framework for remote mgmt
Parmgr (v B.11.23.01.00)• Web-based interface, other changes
Administration Changes
SAMServicecontrol ManagerSystem SecurityFile SystemCompressed Crash DumpNetworking SupportHigh Availability Support
2704/21/23
SAM Changes
The Peripheral Devices functional area is obsolete• Cards and Device List replaced by the web-based
Peripheral Devices tool (pdweb(1M))
• SAM provides a launch point for pdweb
Kernel Configuration area is obsolete• This functionality replaced by Kernel Configuration tool
(kcweb(1M))
• SAM provides a launch point for kcweb(1M)
SAM GUI can be used to perform configuration and management of DHCPv6 and IPv6 related tasks
2804/21/23
Servicecontrol Manager Changes
Supported Systems• Itanium-based HP-UX server support on HP-UX 11i v2
• Linux servers (RedHat, SuSE) supported for the CMS
• SuSE support for CMS and agent
• Certified HP ProLiant Linux agents
Multiple CMS support• Individual nodes can share more than one CMS
• Provides redundancy and/or sharing across groups
Other Changes• Web-based application integration
• XML file format
• Better GUI – uses html for faster response
• Browser connection to CMS now uses SSL
• WBEM services added
2904/21/23
Overview of System Security Changes
Boot Authentication• Prevents boot to single-user mode w/o password
Bastille 2.1.1• Lockdown tool w/standard levels, chosen during install
PAM Kerberos• Increased security and standards conformance
Shadow Passwords• Conforms to de-facto standard, not supported w/NIS or NIS+
Strong Random Number Generator• New, truly unpredictable
Evecve• Kernel ignores setuid and setgid bits on scripts for security reasons
Security Patch Check 1.3
HP-UX Secure Shell (v A.03.01)
3004/21/23
Overview of File System Changes
Dynamically Configurable File Systems• DLKM file systems
– Mostly infrastructure, CDFS and VxFS only
• Dynamic tunable parameters, automatic tunables
VERITAS File System (VxFS) 3.5• PA-RISC version on Software Pack since December ’02
and available on software.hp.com - now on Itanium-based systems
• Cluster File System, Large File System enablement
Large Files and File Systems• Up to 2TB files, 4TB file systems• No API changes• Some impacts for non-rebuilt 32-bit legacy applications
3104/21/23
Compressed Crash Dump
Reduces time and space for memory dump• Takes ~ ⅓ disk space of uncompressed dump
• Takes ~ ⅓ time to save crash dump
Used in conjunction with selective dump
Targeted toward high-end systems• Requires at least 5 processors, 64 bits
• Reverts to uncompressed if requirements aren’t met
Related changes• New dynamic tunable to enable/disable
• Commands updated - crashconf(1M), savecrash(1M), crashutil(1M)
• Dump analysis tools updated: q4, p4, adb(1)
3204/21/23
Networking Support
IPv6 networking support• Next generation Internet Protocol• Provides infrastructure for newer Internet devices• Most of network “stack” of products updated• Dual IPv4 and IPv6 support
HP-UX Web Server Suite (v.1.0.06.01)• Many enhancements and upgrades
Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM) (v A.01.05.01)• HP-UX implementation of the DMTF (Distributed Management Task
Force) WBEM standard
Internet Services Products• Many revised commands and updated services
Networking commands• Changes to lanscan(1M), lanadmin(1M), linkloop(1M), nettl(1M), others• New ndd(1M) tunables
3304/21/23
High Availability Support
MC/ServiceGuard (v A.11.15.00)• Supports VXVM 3.5, ServiceGuard Manager 3.0, IPv6
MC/ServiceGuard NFS Toolkit (v A.11.23.01)• Functionally equivalent to version A.11.11.02 (on HP-UX 11i v1)
MC/ServiceGuard Quorum Server (v A.2.0)• Supports multiple HP-UX and/or Linux Clusters
Enterprise Cluster Master Toolkit (vB.01.08)• HP-UX 11i v1 supports version B.01.09 which supports Sybase version
12.0 and Enterprise Server 3.6 (not supported by v B.01.08)
PCI OLA/R • Improved functionality and increased performance
• Functionality available through pdweb(1M)
setboot(1M)• Provides new option, -h, to specify HA alternate boot path
3404/21/23
Other Key Administration Changes
Event Monitoring Service (EMS v A.04.00.01)• Framework and GUI are 32-bit native apps
• HA Monitors available as 32-bit native binaries
• New EMS CLI for managing persistent monitoring requests
Processor Sets available in kernel by default• Available as optional software pack in HP-UX 11i v1
CDE • Supports IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6)
• Provides more accessibility to desktop for physically challenged users
Commands Changes
Machine Identification ChangesOther Changes to Commands
3604/21/23
Machine Identification Changes
Print machine information using new machinfo(1)
Changed output style from model(1)• Delimited by space, not /
New parameters for getconf(1)• MACHINE_IDENT
• PARTITION_IDENT
• MACHINE_SERIAL
New confstr(3C)• Replaces uname(2) for obtaining unique machine
identification number
3704/21/23
Command Changes Summary
User and Group commands now write audit recordsUser Accounting commands modified to use new in-memory databasesObsolete commands in several areas• Unix-to-Unix commands• DOS commands• LIF commands
New commands and new options to support• I/O
– OLA/R– Interrupt migration
• File system management• Kernel configuration and tuning
Programming and Development Environment Changes
MxN ThreadsCompilers and InterpretersTools and ToolkitsLibrariesDebuggersAdaptive Address SpaceInternationalization
3904/21/23
MxN Threads
process and memorymanagement subsystems
user space
kernel space
user portion ofprocess context
kernel portionof process
context
network managementsubsystem
hardware
file managementsubsystem
I/O managementsubsystem
Mx1 1x1 MxN
4004/21/23
Compilers and Interpreters
C Compiler• ANSI C 89 standard, majority of C99 extensions, no K&R
aC++ Compiler• Rogue Wave’s Tools.h++ v7.1.1 functionality
Java• Support for Java 2 Platform
– Version 1.3 and 1.4– SDK, RTE, and JPI
Fortran 2.7• Full Fortran 95 compiler, based on International ANSI/ISO standards
Perl 5.8.0 source code base• Not binary compatible with earlier releases
Aries 1.7• Allows transparent emulation of PA-RISC/HP-UX applications on Itanium-based
HP-UX systems• Support for MxN Threads, performance improvements
4104/21/23
Tools and Toolkits
HP-UX Developers Toolkit (B3394BA)• Not part of any OE, download from http://software.hp.com
Software Transition Kit (STK) 1.9• Supports transition from HP-UX 11i v1.6 to HP-UX 11i v2
ld(1) and dld.so(5)• Support for lazy loading, direct binding• Supports static and dynamic Thread Local Storage (TLS)
model shared libraries• Other new functionality
HP Caliper 3.0• Numerous functional and performance improvements
Software Developer’s Kit• Support for Java 2
4204/21/23
Libraries – New and Changed, 1 of 2
HP only provides Itanium-based shared libraries
libc• Support for AutoFS, IPv6, new Network API, floating hex I/O
• Support for shared libraries with Thread Local Storage
Unwind Library - libunwind• Name change on Itanium-based systems - libunwind.so
• New APIs (Unwind Express) for faster unwind
New Linux compatible API library - libhplx
New C++ Support Library - libstd_v2• Supports the ANSI, ISO/IEC-14882 standard
libpthread now supports• MxN thread model
• Dynamic loading of shared libraries containing TLS
4304/21/23
Libraries – New and Changed, 2 of 2
Math Libraries• Performance improvements, new functions in HP-VML
and HP MLIB
Multiple Shared Library Profiling (MSLP) support• gprof(1) now able to profile multiple shared libraries
New mmap(2) flag• Allows mapping into device registers or memory
HP MPI v1.8.3• Supports HyperMessaging Protocol
WTSharedX Bundle changes include IPv6 support
OpenGL (v1.2) supports new graphics cards
4404/21/23
Debuggers
wdb 4.0• Major functionality and performance improvements
• Supports source-level debugging of a program written in HP C, HP aC++ and Fortran 90 on HP-UX 11i v1.6 and later
kwdb 2.2• Bundled with HP-UX 11i v2
• Supports debugging of any PA-RISC system running HP-UX 11.0 or later or any Itanium-based system
• Supports DLKM, MP debugging
• Other functionality improvements, e.g., q4 mode and Perl scripting
adb• Support for MxN threads
• Multiprocessor dump reading support
• 64-bit DLKM dump
• Many other changes
4504/21/23
Adaptive Address Space
Created to ease porting to HP-UX• HP-UX uses Single/Global Address Space (SAS) model
– Most other implementations (Solaris, Linux, Tru64) use Multiple Address Space (MAS)
• MAS model gives applications more control over the use of the address space (removes Quadrant boundaries)
Changes process Address Space Layout (ASL)• Mostly Global Address Space (MGAS)
– Default behavior, address space looks like it always has
• Mostly Private Address Space (MPAS)– New address space layout allows use of AAS features
Will have negative performance impacts
4604/21/23
Internationalization
Many changes, including• System level support for 16 Latin and South American
Locales
• Unicode 3.0 support
• Greek Euro support
• Changes to Simplified Chinese Input Method
• TrueType fonts for HP-UX supported Asian languages/locales
• Enhanced mainframe converters for Japanese characters
4704/21/23
Miscellany
DCE• DCE client applications on Itanium-based systems can work
with a DCE server on a PA-RISC system
Software Package Builder• Visual method to create and edit software packages using
the HP-UX Software Distributor (SD) package format– Has both GUI and Command Line Interface (CLI)
CDE• CDE applications and its libraries and subsystems are
delivered as PA on Itanium-based platform– Run through Aries (PA compatibility)
4804/21/23
Module Summary
This module described• Major changes in HP-UX 11i v2 in the following areas
– Supported systems and hardware – Firmware and boot environment– Installation– System configuration– System administration– Commands– Programming and development environment
Exercises/Labs
Paper-based ExercisesHands-On/Lab Exercises
Recommended