Introduction to the Joint Military Appreciation Process (JMAP)

Introduction to theJoint Military Appreciation

Process (JMAP)

ADFP 5.0.1 – Joint Military Appreciation Process (JMAP)

ADDP 5.0 – Joint Planning

ADDP 2.0 – Intelligence

ADDP 3.0 – Campaigns & Operations

ADDP 4.2 – Support to Ops (Log)

References

Aim

To create a basic familiarity with the Joint Military Appreciation Process (JMAP)

doctrine.

4 Key Takeaways

1. JMAP is the only “Joint” planning process

2. Requires Commander’s input at all stages

3. Requires constant Joint Intelligence

Preparation of the Operational Environment

(JIPOE) updates to remain current

4. Needs the input of all staff functions to be

successful

Provides context for the conduct of the JIPOE and JMAP. Should normally cover:

1. Commander’s initial guidance2. Strategic level direction3. Intelligence update4. Status of current operations5. Time constraints and planning considerations6. Force preparation and capability requirements

Preliminary Scoping (PS)

JIPOE: Steps

Analysis of the Operational environment

1. Define the Operational Environment

2. Describe the Operational Environment Effects

Analysis of the Adversary

3. Evaluate the Threat (inc En COG Matrix)

4. Determine Adversary Courses of Action (COA)

Logical decision-making process that incorporates all staff functions towards developing the most appropriate plans

Basis for joint planning within the ADF – (Immediate and Deliberate)

Interoperable with allied forces - Joint Operation Planning Process (JOPP) (US)- The Estimate Process (UK)- Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) (USMC)

What is JMAP?

Operational Level

JMAP is predominantly used at the Operational level and covers:

– Creation of Areas of Operation (JFAOs)– Courses Of Action (COAs) – Force Assignment– Logistic Feasibility/Sustainability – Command and Control– Risk Management

– The Concept Of Operations (CONOPS)

Mission Analysis (MA)

Mission Analysis ensures that:

• Commander and planning staff clearly understand the Superior Commander’s intent, one and two levels up.

• Planning is focused within the boundaries of that intent.

• The mission and tasks are identified that are essential to successfully satisfy the superior Commander’s intent and achieve the end state.

Mission Analysis: Steps

1. Review the situation

2. Identify and analyse Superior Commander’s intent and develop own mission

3. Identify and analyse tasks

4. Determine freedom of action

5. Identify critical facts and assumptions

6. Draft Commander’s guidance

MA Step 1: Review the Situation

Critical to the formulation of the Mission:

• Review the operational environment and environment effects (JIPOE)

• Review lessons learned

• Review own forces (COG Analysis)

• Analyse time factors

What guidance has been given by the Superior Commander/Government – Other Governments

Usually articulated by Purpose, Method and Endstate

Purpose: To restore Whiteland Sovereignty

Method: Overwhelming Force by air and sea to remove Red from Whiteland

Endstate: Red unable/unwilling to obtain Whiteland by military action

MA Step 2: Identify and Analyse Superior Commander’s Intent and develop own mission

Who? What? Where? When? Why?

Eg. Someone is to do something in a certain area by a time in order to achieve something.

MA Step 2: Identify and Analyse Superior Commander’s Intent and develop own mission

Example Mission

Who Blue ForceWhat are to defeat Red Force military operations Where in AO Bell When from 01 Jun 2014 Why in order to maintain Blue sovereignty

Specified: (and Essential)

- Protect Blueland interests- Ensure Safety of Blueland personnel and AFN- Prevent Enemy Fighter DeploymentImplied: - Force preparation and concentration- Conduct Air Defence of JFAO- Deploy SF to White IsIand- Conduct Rear Area Security (RAS)

MA Step 3: Identify Tasks

E

E

E

EE

LIMITATIONSConstraints: (Things we have no control over)

• Weather• Time• DistanceRestrictions: (Placed by higher authority – may be changed)

• Adherence to the Rules of Engagement (ROE)• Minimise collateral damage• Notice To Move (NTM) of units

MA Step 4: Determine Freedom of Action

RISK Most operational risks cannot be eliminated

entirely. Measured against the operational requirements

and mission. Expressed in terms of a trade-off continuum =

cost-benefit analysis. Risk can usually be effectively reduced – risk

mitigation. [But what is the cost?]

MA Step 4: Determine Freedom of Action

Facts: • Red Forces have invaded White Island• Red strike aircraft have range to strike over White Island• UN has indicated they will not become involved

Assumptions: (to be turned into facts through CCIR process)

• The international community will support our operations• No third party direct involvement on either side• USA will provide us with CIS, Intelligence and Log support• Red soldiers are susceptible to IO (PSYOPS)

MA Step 5: Identify Critical Facts and Assumptions

At the final stage of Mission Analysis, the Commander is briefed and then delivers formal guidance for the following JMAP steps. This guidance can be given by the Commander or provided by planning staff for commander’s approval.

MA Step 6: Commander’s Guidance

COA Dev: Steps

1. Confirm Centre of Gravity (COG)

2. Review COG analysis

3. Develop broad COA

4. Develop decisive points (DP)

5. Develop lines of operation (LOO)

6. Develop detailed COA

7. Test COA

Definition:

A characteristic, capability or locality from which a military force, nation, alliance or other grouping derives its freedom of action, strength or will to fight.

COA Dev Step 1: Confirm COG

COA Dev Step 2: Review COG Analysis

COG

CC1

CC2

CR

CR

CR

CR

CR

CR

CV

CV

CV

CV

CV

CV

CV

CV

CV

CC3

CV

CRCC1

COG

CV

CV

CV

CV

CV

CV

CV

CV

CV

COG

CR

CR

CR

CR

CR

CR

CC1

CC3

CC2

COA Dev Step 2: Review COG Analysis

Broad COAs are now created:– Direct Approach (Comd guidance)– Indirect Approach (Comd guidance)– Review of Adversary’s:

Most Likely COA (JIPOE) Most Dangerous COA (JIPOE)

– Review of wider aims and intent (WNGO)– Commander’s Guidance

COA Dev Step 3: Develop Broad COAs

Definition:

A geographic place, key event, critical factor, or function that, when acted upon, allows a commander to gain a marked advantage over an adversary or contribute materially to achieving success.

DPs are created from the amalgamation of like tasks (in time or space) elicited from:

– Specified, implied & essential tasks– Blue actions to attack Red COG– Blue actions to protect own COG

COA Dev Step 4: Develop Decisive Points (DP)

COA Dev Step 4: Develop Decisive Points (DP)

• A DP will articulate:– A purpose,– Outcome,– Task, or– Effect

• Expressed in past tense• Must be measurable in terms of time, space or

magnitude• Does not negate the requirement to achieve

Specified Tasks

DP1 - RED FREEDOM OF UNOBSERVED MANOEUVRE DENIED

DP2 - FORCE CONCENTRATION AND PREPARATION COMPLETED

DP3 - RED SLOC TO WHITE ISLAND DENIED

DP4 – RED ALOC TO WHITE ISLAND DENIED

TIME

DP 1 DP 2

DP 3

DP 4

COG

COA Dev Step 5: Develop Lines of Operation

COA Dev Step 6: Develop Detailed COA

PREPARATION

TIME

CDPDP 1 DP 2

DP 3

DP 4

DP 5

1 2 3 4

DEPLOYMENT DETERRENCE SUSTAIN

COG

DP 6

CDP

SYNCHRONISATION MATRIX

Increase ISR - P3C/SSK/SF/JORN

BLUE

RedAction

Deep

Close

Rear

BATTLESPACE

Tasks

Phase

Main Effort

Phase

D to D +3

Deductions

Main Effort

Time

Sustainability

Specified: Implied: Essential:

3

Recce White Is, covert SF deployment to WI, 1 x FFG port visit. Increase ISR - P3C

Force preparation and concentration, logistic stockpiling, reduce NTM/NFS

1 2,3 1

Increased stock build-up, POL to airbase and agreed point

DP 3,4 achieved

Deterrence

COA Dev Step 7: Test COA

Test each COA developed for:

•Suitability

•Feasibility- Time- Space- Means- Limitations

•Acceptability

•Sustainability

•Distinguishability

Course Of Action Analysis

COA Analysis identifies the advantages and disadvantages of each COA developed in the previous step of the JMAP.

The key to COA Analysis is the war game process which validates each COA to determine workability, strengths and weaknesses.

The output is a number of improved and viable COA.

1. War game set-up2. Determine war game start state3. Select war game method4. Select war game recording method5. Conduct war game

COA Analysis: Steps

Decision & CONOPS Development

This is the final step in the JMAP.

It involves the COMD making a decision on which COA is to be developed into a CONOPS.

The approved CONOPS forms the basis for developing the OPORD.

The JMAP has been used by the Planning Group to create the CONOPS.

After it is approved by CDF, the main plan is synchronised with supporting plans.

The OPORD (with annexes) is issued and the CJTF prepares to execute.

Synchronisation

4 Key Takeaways

1. JMAP is the only “Joint” planning process

2. Requires Commander’s input at all stages

3. Requires constant Joint Intelligence

Preparation of the Operational Environment

(JIPOE) updates to remain current

4. Needs the input of all staff functions to be

successful

Questions?