Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction...

Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator

Poul Kronborg

Product Area Owner, Marine MIKE Software Products

DHI

pok@dhigroup.com

© DHI

Module Overview for Marine MIKE Software: Release 2014

Hydrodynamics Sediments Environment Waves

MIKE 21/3 HD MIKE 21/3 ST(Sand transport)

MIKE 21/3 AD(Advection-

Dispersion)

MIKE 21 SW(Spectral Waves)

MIKE 21/3 MT(Mud transport)

MIKE 21/3 OS

(Oil Spill)

MIKE 21 BW(Boussinesq

Waves)

Others:

MIKE C-Map

MIKE Animator

LITPACK ECO Lab

MIKE 21/3 PT ABM Lab

© DHI

Module Overview for Marine MIKE Software: Release 2016

Hydrodynamics Sediments Environment Waves

MIKE 21/3 HD MIKE 21/3 ST(Sand transport)

MIKE 21/3 AD(Advection-

Dispersion)

MIKE 21 SW(Spectral Waves)

MIKE 21 SM(Shoreline

Morphology)

MIKE 21/3 OS

(Oil Spill)

MIKE 21 BW(Boussinesq

Waves)

MIKE 21/3 MT(Mud transport)

ECO Lab

Others:

MIKE C-Map

MIKE Animator

LITPACK ABM Lab

MIKE 21/3 PT UAS(Underwater

Acoustics)

© DHI

Module Overview for Marine MIKE Software: Release 2017

MIKE Operations for Forecasting

Hydrodynamics Sediments Environment Waves Maritime

MIKE 21/3 HD MIKE 21/3 ST(Sand transport)

MIKE 21/3 AD(Advection-

Dispersion)

MIKE 21 SW(Spectral Waves)

MIKE 21 MA(Mooring Analysis)

MIKE 21 SM(Shoreline

Morphology)

MIKE 21/3 OS

(Oil Spill)

MIKE 21 BW(Boussinesq

Waves)

MIKE 21/3 MT(Mud transport)

ECO Lab

Others:

MIKE C-Map

MIKE Animator

Littoral Proc.(New Litpack)

ABM Lab

MIKE 21/3 PT UAS(Underwater

Acoustics)

© DHI

Performance:

• Parallelization• Linux porting

• Support of GPU’s

• Remote Execution Facility

• SaaS (MIKE in the Cloud)

Marine MIKE software: Latest Developments

Productivity tools: • Scour Calculation Tool

• Enhancements of Climate Change Editor

• MIKE Animator enhancements

• Mesh Generation improvements

• Earthquake bathymetry adjustment

• New Cyclone Tool

• Fully Spectral Wave Boundary Generation

• Random Wave Generation Enhancements

• Software Development Kit

• US Units

Engine enhancements:• Nearfield/Farfield integration

• New dike structure with overtopping

• Structure Improvements

• Flather boundary and Q/h boundaries

• Time-varying bathymetries

• Litpack Re-engineering

• New Oil Spill Module

• Agent Based Modelling

Easy data access:• Introducing online WaterData

• Improvements in the Global Tide Model

Sound is more than four times faster underwater

compared to air and there is less attenuation

Water is an excellent medium for sound

transmisson

10

Sound is important for marine life

Senses underwater

© DHI

• Smell - No receptors

• Taste - Limited

• Touch – Short range

• Visual – Short range

• Sound – Effective, fast,

long-range

Frequency (kHz)

0.01 0.1 1 10 100

SP

L (

dB

re

1 µ

Pa

)

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Bottlenose dolphin (Johnson 1967)

Risso's dolphin (Nachtigall et al. 1995)

Striped dolphin (Kastelein et al. 2003)

Killer whale (Szymanski et al. 1999; Behaviour)

Killer whale (Szymanski et al. 1999; ABR)

Harbour porpoise (Kastelein et al. 2002)

Marine mammal hearing

10 100 1000

SP

L (

dB

re

1 µ

Pa

)

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

Bass (Nedwell et al. 2004)

Cod (Offut 1974)

Cod (Hawkins & Myrberg 1983)

Dab (Hawkins & Myrberg 1983))

Bass (Nedwell et al. 2004)

Herring (Enger 1967)

Pollack (Chapman 1973)

Pollack (Chapman & Hawkins 1969)

Atlantic Salmon (Hawkins & Johnstone 1978)

Little Skate (Casper et al. 2003)

Fish hearing

Marine sound sources

Boyd et al. 2008

6/29/2016 15

Risk based approach to noise assessment

What is the problem?

How far does the sound spread and how many

animals are in range of the sound?

How do they react to the sounds?

How can we

mitigate

impacts?

Detection

Response

Masking

TTS-PTS

Injury

• TTS =

Temporary

threshold shift

• PTS =

Permanent

threshold shift

17

• Depends on source

strength, sound spread and

different ambient noise

conditions

(Close range - > 100 km)

Detection

Masking

Fish

Whales

Toothed Whales

Seals & Sea Lions

1 Hz 10 Hz 100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 100 kHz

200 k

Shipping

Fish

Whales

Toothed Whales

Seals & Sea Lions

1 Hz 10 Hz 100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 100 kHz

200 k

Shipping

(Southall & Hatch in OSPAR 2009)

Source

Properties

-duration

-transient /

continuous

Channel

Age Condition

Sex

Social state

SeasonBehavioural state

Response

• Significant decline in

catch rate during and

after seismic exposure

• 5 days to recover

• Effects 20 nm

Pearson et al. 1992; Engas et al. 1996; Slotte et al. 2004

Response

6/29/2016 23

Risk management

©Werner Piper

• Source mitigation (e.g. dampening)

• Channel mitigation (e.g. Bubble

curtains, NMS, Helmholtz Res)

• Receiver mitigation (Wochner et al.

2015; Schiedek et al. 2015 )

Different approaches

6/29/2016 24

Simulate Sound

Propagation:

Underwater Acoustic

Simulator (UAS)

Undertake EIA:

Underwater Acoustic

Analyzer (UAA)

Dynamic Risk Assesment:

Agent Based Modelling

(ABM Lab)

Underwater Acoustic Simulator

© DHI

• The UAS Engine

a. Sound propagation

b. Broad band noise source

c. Range dependent

d. Ambient conditions…

Underwater Acoustic Simulator in MIKE

© DHI

• Accounting for ambient conditions

a. Bathymetry

b. Temperature

c. Salinity

d. Absorption in the seabed

e. Volume attenuation in the water – significant for high frequencies

Bathymetry and Transects

© DHI

from MIKE HD

Broad band noise source in 1/3 Octave

© DHI

Water phase

© DHI

Seabed

© DHI Femern A/S

Geological profile

Specifying Outputs and resolution

© DHI

Work Flow - Noise Impact Assessment

© DHI

Marine species filter Impact ranges (PTS/TTS)Noise maps

Pinnipeds

High Freq. Cetaceans

Some raw simulation results

© DHI

• Results in 1/3 Octave bands: 20 Hz – 5 kHz

*Sound exposure lever (SEL) is a measure of the total energy of the noise normalised to 1 second.

Validation

© DHI

• Lloyds Mirror case (the sea surface acts like a mirror for acoustic energy)

• Ideal Wedge (Jensen and Ferla,1990)

Empirical UAS Validation: Measurements at Belwind OWF

29 June, 2016© DHI #37(Degraer et al. (2010): Belwind Phase 1 windfarm, foundation B10)

UAA development (Underwater Acoustics Analyzer): On-going

• UAS: Model for the simulation of TL (CPU consuming)

• UAA: Tool for post-processing of UAS results (instantaneous):

• Scaling of source spectrum

• Apply mitigation spectrum

• Calculate relevant metrics (SEL, SPL-zp, etc.)

• Calculate cumulative impacts (noise dose, etc.)

• Make weighting of received spectrum e.g. M-weighting

• Calculate impact ranges based on various impact criteria for specific receptors

• Make transect plots, line plots, spectral plots

• In short: Prepare your Environmental Impact Asessment applying the UAA

29 June, 2016© DHI #38

6/29/2016 42

Noise Dose Impacts

TTS single strike = 700 m

(SL = 207 dB re 1µPa2 . s, N = 2400 strikes, TL = 15 log (r)

TTS: acoustic dose

6/29/2016 43

TTS single strike = 700 m TTS 1 h = 12.5 km

(SL = 207 dB re 1µPa2 . s, N = 2400 strikes, TL = 15 log (r))

TTS: acoustic dose

29 June, 2016© DHI #44

Beluga whale sound response modelling Dynamic Risk Assessment Model for

Acoustic Disturbance

Marine Strategy Framework Directive

Acute exposure to loud, low and

mid frequency impulsive sounds

Gaps in distribution due to

behavioural alterations (11.1.1)

Chronic exposure to continuous low

frequency sound

• Communication difficulties caused by

low frequency noise (11.2.1)

(OSPAR 2009; Tasker et al. 2010)

29 June, 2016© DHI #46

• Update on Southall 2007 noise exposure criteria in preparation

• NOAA Guidance for Assessing the Effects of Anthropogenic Sound

on Marine Mammals in preparation

Exposure criteria

Questions

© DHI