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Investigating the effects of elevated Carbon dioxide on forest arthropods: One year of data from BIFoR FACE.
@Liam_M_Crowley@BIFoRUoB
Liam M. Crowley1, Jeremy Pritchard1, Jon P. Sadler2 and Scott A. L. Hayward1.
1 - School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.2 – School of Geography, Earth and Environmental sciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
Insects and CO2
Insects are key players in ecosystem functioning.
Unclear how insects will respond to eCO2.
Insect responses could feedback and completely change forest performance – (Pugh et al., 2017).
Likely to be first responders.
Are insects key drivers of change in woodland systems under climate change?
SamplingCharacterisation of abundance, diversity and phenology
Spatial and temporal replication
Comprehensive, sensitive and robust
Minimising impact
Opportunity to compare and contrast method efficacy
Pitfalltrapping
Malaisetrapping
Pan trapping
Understory beating
Canopy beating
Layer Ground layer Field layer Field layer Understory Canopy
Sampling period 1 week 24 hours 24 hours 30 seconds 30 second
Sampling interval
1 month 1 month 1 month 1 month 1 month
Number per array
2 1 1 x 3 1 1
The sampling programme
Meteorological data
Sampling method Start time End time Window length
Pitfall 00:00 Day 1 23:59 Day 7 168 hours
Pan and malaise 00:00 Day 1 23:59 Day 2 48 hours
Beating 00:00 Day 1 23:59 Day 1 24 hours
Results
Total arthropods sampled: 22,568.
24 Orders in Phylum: Arthropoda. 10869
2795
2643
1627
1020
847
737
574
488 291 290 135 78 49 29 16 9
Pitfall 7 day
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Tota
l nu
mb
er o
f ar
thro
po
ds
sam
ple
d
Month
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
Thro
ugh
fall
(mm
)
Tem
per
atu
re (
oC
)Month
*Mean temp -> p=0.0031
Malaise and pan trap 48 hour
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Tota
l nu
mb
er o
f ar
thro
po
ds
sam
ple
d
Month
Pan Malaise
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
Thro
ugh
fall
(mm
)
Tem
per
atu
re (
oC
)Month
*Mean temp -> p=0.000745
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
April May June July August September October
Tota
l nu
mb
er o
f ar
thro
po
ds
sam
ple
d
Month
Canopy Understory
Beating
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
April May June July August September October
Thro
ugh
fall
(mm
)
Tem
per
atu
re (
oC
)Month
Sample composition
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Diptera
Hymenoptera
Collembola
Lepidoptera
Hemiptera
Coleoptera
Araneae
Pscoptera
Opiliones
Other
Total individuals sampled
Malaise
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Araneae
Hemiptera
Hymenoptera
Pscoptera
Diptera
Opiliones
Collembola
Coleoptera
Lepidoptera
Other
Total individuals sampled
Beating
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Diptera
Coleoptera
Acari
Collembola
Opiliones
Diplopoda
Araneae
Isopoda
Hymenoptera
Other
Total individuals sampled
Pitfall
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
DipteraHymenoptera
HempiteraCollembolaColeoptera
AraneaeLepidoptera
OpilionesThysanoptera
Other
Total individuals sampled
Pan
Treatment vs control (Malaise)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
April June July August September October November December January
Mea
n n
um
ber
of
arth
rop
od
sTreatment Control
Layer comparison
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
April May June July August September October
Mea
n n
um
ber
of
arth
rop
od
s
Month
Canopy vs Understory Canopy Understory
t = 3.87, p = 0.0083
Layer comparison
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
April May June July August September October
Sim
pso
ns
ind
ex
Month
Simpson's index
Canopy Understory
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
April May June July August September October
Shan
no
n-W
ien
er in
dex
Month
Shannon-Wiener index
Canopy Understory-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
t = 1.8494, p = 0.1139 t = -2.2157, p = 0.0686
Phenology is key
Temp>rain
Certain Orders dominate.
Mature forest takes time to change.
Canopy is important!
Conclusions
Thanks for listening!
Any questions?
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
March April May June July August September October November December January
Mea
n n
um
ber
of
arth
rop
od
s
Month
Kruskal Wallis -> χ2 = 6.3765, p = 0.04124
Dunn post hoc test -> Blue-White – p = 0.2970
Pan trap colour
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