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Islam:. The Call of Peace Through Submission To God. Adhan (Call to Prayer). Adhan 1 Adhan 2 (w/ English subtitles) Adhan 3 (w/ scenes from Hajj in Mecca). Surat al-Fatiha. In the name of God, The Compassionate, The Merciful All praise belongs to God, Lord of all the World, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Islam:
The Call of PeaceThrough Submission
To God
Adhan (Call to Prayer)•Adhan 1 •Adhan 2 (w/ English subtitles)•Adhan 3 (w/ scenes from Hajj in
Mecca)
Surat al-FatihaIn the name of God,
The Compassionate, The MercifulAll praise belongs to God,
Lord of all the World,The Compassionate, the Merciful,Master of the Day of Judgement.
You alone do we worship,and from You alone do we seek help.
Surat al-FatihaGuide us on the straight path,
The path of those whom You have blessed,
Not of those on whom is Your anger,Nor of those who have gone astray.
Amen.
Assignments• (due ., /) Spontaneously write 5
images that you associate w/ “Islam”/ “muslim”; read “Muslim Life”, p. 262
• (due Thurs., 4/23) Type a 1-1½ pg. reflection paper on DVD “The Muslim Americans”
• (due Fri., 4/24) Read pp. 247-251(top); write 1 pgrph on your impressions of Muhammad
Assignments• (due Mon., 4/27) 1 paragraph
“reaction” to anything in DVD Muhammad: Legacy
• (due Tues., 4/28) Read handout on Qur’an; write 1 paragraph reflection on one or several passages for discussion
• (due Thurs., 4/30) Read pp. 251-253
Assignments• (due Tues., 5/5) Read pp. 254-
256(top) on 5 pillars; do 256 G• (due Weds., 5/6) Read pp. 256-260
(top); write 1-2 pghs opinion on any controversial issues in Islam
• (due Thurs., 5/7) Read pp. 260-263• (due Fri., 5/8) 3 Questions for
guest speakers (Muslim Hopkins students)
Assignments• (Fri., 5/15) TEST on Islam• (due on or before last review day)
Project• (due ) 1-2 pg. relfection on:
– What you have learned from your study of other religions
– What your Faith is, and why you believe it
The Foundations of Islam
What IS Islam?
What is Islam?• ISLAM…
•MUSLIMS…
• ISLAMIC…
What is Islam?• Islam means “peace”
– Salam (Arabic)/ Shalom (Hebrew)
•More literally, = “surrender” or “submission”
• Implication…•Peace comes through
submission to God (Allah)
The Foundations of Islam
The Life and MessageOf
Muhammed
Life of Muhammed
• Born c. 570 A.D. in Mecca• Meccan society:
– Tribal– Mercantile– Polytheistic
• Part of powerful clan, the Quresh
• Orphaned early on; raised by uncle, Abu Taleb
Life of Muhammed
• M. becomes caravan guide– Exposed to
cultures/religions, esp. monotheism of Judaism & Christianity
– Meets Khadija> marries
• M. repulsed by Meccans’ hypocrisy re: religion & care for poor
• M. retreats more & more to pray, reflect
Life of Muhammed
•610 A.D. “Night of Power and Excellence”– Angel Gabriel appears
during prayer– Commands M.: “Recite”!– M. protests; he knows not
how to recite– Gabriel tells M what to
recite… beginning of dictation of Qur’an
The Foundations of Islam:
The Qur’an:Islam’s Sacred Presence
The Qur’an
•Center of Islamic faith on earth
•Size: about 4/5 size of New Testament
•Structured in 114 chapters or surahs
•Originally written in Arabic
The Qur’an
•Qur’an means, literally, “reading” or “recitation”
•From Angel Gabriel’s command: “Recite!”
The Qur’an
• Believed to have been revealed miraculously by God
• ALLAH > MUHAMMED> EARLY DISCIPLES (written form)
• Revealed & written in Arabic
• Governs every aspect of life
The Qur’anExpress 7 basic beliefs about:• Allah
– He is One– All predestined by Him
• Revelation through– Angels– Human messengers(prophets)– Books(Jewish, Christian, Qur’an)
• Human Destiny– Afterlife– Judgement
The Qur’anDiscuss Qur’an’s attitude toward:•Unbelievers •Violence toward enemies• Image of God
How do these attitudes compare with those of other faiths?
The Foundations of Islam
The Life and MessageOf
Muhammed
Life of Muhammed
•622 A.D. The Hijra – M.’s migration from Mecca to Yathrib– Importance: basis for all dates in
Muslim calendar (Anno Hegirae, “in the year of the Hijra”)
Message of Muhammed
•M referred to as the “Seal of the Prophets”– Prophets= link betw Allah and
humankind– Some “lesser” or prior prophets: eg.
Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus– M = “seal”, ie. the final prophet– M reveals fully, precisely and for all
time the will of Allah
Message of Muhammed
•Sunna of the Prophet:– Means “custom”– =M’s actions and his own sayings or
“hadith”– Second most important authority in
Islam
5 Pillars of Islam
Shahada Shahada The Confession of FaithThe Confession of Faith• “La ilaha illa’Llah.
Muhammadur rasulu’Llah” (“There is no god except God. Muhammad is the messenger of God.”)
•Core:– Oneness of God
(Monotheism)– Uniqueness of Muhammad
SalatSalatRitual Prayer
•5 times a day:– Dawn – Noon– Mid-afternoon– Sunset– Night
•At home or in masjid (mosque)
SalatSalatRitual Prayer
•Friday Service (Jummah) in mosque:– Sermon
(khutbah)– Noon prayer
SawmSawmFasting during
Ramadan•Entire month,
from sunrise to sunset
•Abstinence from food, drink, sex, smoking
•Ramadan shifts– lunar calendar
ZakatZakatSharing of Wealth with
Poor• 2.5 % of value of possessions (vs. income alone)
• The Poor are exempt• Zakat is a form of
worship• Fosters habits of
generosity
HajjHajjPilgrimage to Mecca
• Journey in imitation of prophet
• Umma clearly felt/experienced
• Obligatory for all who can make the trip
Features of the Hajj
•Ritual white clothing for men (= equality/ purity)
Islam: Practices & Teachings
The Umma:The Community of Muslims
The Community of Muslims•The community or Umma =all
Muslims•Shari’ah = divine law (from
Qur’an) that unites all Muslims•Governments of some countries
(eg. Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan) based on Shari’a
The Varieties of Islam
Sects & Movements in Islam
Are there “sects” in Islam?Qur’anQur’an
HadithHadith
(Sayings of Prophet)(Sayings of Prophet)
(Mahtaphs)(Mahtaphs)
Various Schools of ThoughtVarious Schools of Thought
(Opinions of Legal Scholars)(Opinions of Legal Scholars)
Sunni & Shi’a• Islam divided into 2 Islam divided into 2
major “sects”:major “sects”:
Sunni Shi’iteSunni Shi’ite
Muslims MuslimsMuslims Muslims
Sunni Muslims• = a little less than 90% of = a little less than 90% of
MuslimsMuslims• SunniSunni, from those who , from those who
follow follow sunna sunna or “custom” or “custom” of the prophetof the prophet
• Leadership: Caliph Leadership: Caliph elected from tribe of elected from tribe of MuhammedMuhammed
• Dominant in Saudi Arabia, Dominant in Saudi Arabia, Syria, Indonesia, most Syria, Indonesia, most African countriesAfrican countries
Shi’ite Muslims• = about 10% of Muslims• shi’i from “shi’at Ali” or
partisans of Ali, the son-in-law of M.
• Leadership: Imam(vs. caliph) as direct descendent of Ali
• Dominant in Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Kuwait, Pakistan
Sufism
• Not a separate sect of Islam, but a special brotherhood
• Sufi from suf, = “wool”• Sufis = “woolwearers”,
from their special robes
• Focus on inner, mystical experience of Allah
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