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Islam Unit 2, SSWH 5 a & c. How did the religion Islam expand?. SSWH 5 a & c. Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire. Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims. Origins of Islam. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Islam
Unit 2, SSWH 5 a & c
How did the religion Islam expand?
SSWH 5 a & cExplain the origins of Islam and
the growth of the Islamic Empire.
Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims.
Origins of Islam• Muhammad (founder), Allah sent
him an angel, Gabriel – Muhammad was told he is a messenger.• Islam: “submission to
the will of Allah” in Arabic• Muslim: “one who has submitted”• Muhammad: considered the last &
greatest prophet
Beliefs• 5 Pillars: Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting,
& Pilgrimage• People are responsible
for their own actions• Qur’an or Koran: Muslim holy book• People follow the Sunna
(Muhammad’s example) & Shar’ia (law)
Religion Divides• Muhammad died in 632 A.D. &
didn’t tell how to choose a successor (caliph)• Muslims split over the next caliph:
Sunni and Shi’a• “Rightly Guided Caliphs” 4 were
chosen after Muhammad’s death: loyal friends of Muhammad
Sunni• Believed Muslim rulers should
follow the Sunna, Muhammad’s example
Shi’a• Believed Ali, Muhammad’s son-in-law,
should have succeed Muhammad• Believed Muslim rulers should descend
from Muhammad
The LAST Word…Create an ACROSTIC by brainstorming all
the things you remember about ISLAM:I:S:L:A:M:
Jot your answer – 1 Minute – Prepare to Share
Muslim Contributions To
The World
Unit 2, SSWH 5 b & d
How did the religion Islam expand?
SSWH 5 b & dIdentify the Muslim trade routes to
India, China, Europe, and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade.
Identify the contributions of Islamic scholars in medicine (Ibn Sina) and geography (Ibn Battuta).
Trade & Economy• Major trading network.• Connected China, Europe, & India• Muslims only needed to speak Arabic
& one currency, Abbasid dinar• Muslims created banks for trade &
“sakk” (checks) (prevented travelers from being robbed)
Impact on Society• Education:
Encouraged within Muslim CultureHouse of Wisdom—preserves knowledgeSchools of philosophy, medicine, language and large libraries
• Medicine: knowledge of Greece, Syria, Arabic, Indian sourcesAl-Razi: greatest physicians – wrote books on medicine, Discovered that clean air can help heal you faster
Impact on Society• Medicine:
Ibn-Sina: Discovered tuberculosis is contagious, can spread through water & soil, person’s emotional health is influenced by the physical health, 1st to describe: Meningitis, parts of the eye, &valves of the heart
• Geography:Ibn-Battuta: Muslim Explorer who traveled over 75, 000 miles and to every Muslim land, detailed map information and worked for foreign leaders
Impact on Society• Math:
Al-Jabr: wrote a book on a math technique today we call Algebra
• Science:Ibn-Alhazen: wrote a book called Optics
• Art:CalligraphyThe Thousand and One Nights
WORD SPLASHUsing these words create a meaningful
sentence which explains Muslims contributions to the world.
Silk Road Dinar Sakk Al-RaziIbn-Sina MeccaIbn-Battuta
ArabicJot your answers – 1 Minute –
Prepare to Share
Muslim Empires
Unit 2, SSWH 12 a & b
What were the origins and contributions of the Ottomans, Safavid,
and Mughal empires?
a. Describe the geographical extent of the Ottoman Empire during the rule of Suleyman the Magnificent, the Safavid Empire during the reign of Shah Abbas I, and the Mughal Empire during the reigns of Babur and Akbar. b. Explain the ways in which these Muslim empires influenced religion, law, and the arts in their parts of the world.
Ottoman Empire(Modern Turkey)
• Suleyman-Known as the Magnificent for his court & cultural achievements, created a law code
• Conquers parts of Europe, Asia, & Africa• Simplified taxation & govt., everyone wanted in
the army = education• Toleration: Christians & Jews (1 god & Holy Book)• Cultures (religion, art, architecture, language,
trade) spread
Safavid Empire(Ancient Persia/Modern Iran)
• Shah Abbas I, Golden Age (time of prosperity)
• Changed the army (based on loyalty – not just a job)
• Punished corruption within the govt, also brought foreigners to work in the govt.
• Religious toleration, which increased trade, art, culture
Mughal Empire(Modern India)
• Babur: brilliant general, formed Mughal Empire• Akbar: means “Greatest One” a Liberal Ruler
(grandson of Babur)• Had an extensive army & used it, religious
freedom• Abolished tax on Hindu pilgrims & non-Muslims• Govt. run by different foreign officials• Developed a style of architecture* Both Safavid and Ottoman declined (poor
leadership)
Muslim InfluenceReligion• Tolerant, most empires allowed
practicing of their own religion• Few had to pay taxed because of
religious beliefsLaw• Suleyman created a law code to
handle both criminal & civil actions
ContinuedArt• Calligraphy: beautiful handwriting• Architecture was the greatest way
to show blending of cultures• Each empire was tolerant which
encourage foreigners to travel & bring new ideas of culture with them
KinfolkWhat do the Ottomans, Safavid,
and Mughal empires have in common?
Jot your Answer – 1 Minute – Prepare to Share
Crusades
Unit 2, SSWH 5 e & f
How did the religion Islam expand?
SSWH 5 eDescribe the impact of the Crusades
on both the Islamic World and Europe.
Analyze the relationship between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Crusades, 1093-1204• Byzantine emperor Alexius Comnenus
called for help against the invading Muslims• Pope Urban II called for a “holy war”,
to regain control of the Holy Land (Byzantine Empire & Jerusalem)• At least 9 different Crusades over this
time period (1-4 the most notable)
Impact on Europe• Christian Europe continues dislike
towards Muslims• Kings & church were able to have
quarrelling knights sent off• Second sons & others, who wouldn’t
inherit anything, left home to make something of themselves
Continued• Economically: trade increased• Jerusalem stayed within the control of
the Muslims, but agreed that Christians could visit• Weakened & lessened the power of the
Pope• Kings power increased, fewer knights &
feudal land lords to go against kings
Impact on Muslim World• Muslims disliked Christians• Persecution of Muslims: • Spanish Inquisition and Reconquista
(cleansing)• Economy weakens from lack of trade• Culture spreads from interaction
with European knights
1 Word SummaryWrite one word that summarizes the
Crusades…
Write 2-3 sentences explaining why you chose that word.
JOT YOUR ANSWER – 1 MINUTE PREPARE TO SHARE
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