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Islamic universityFaculty of medicine
الرحيم الرحمن الله بسم
اإلسالمية الجامعةالبشري الطب كلية
Dr. Sami Zaqout
Introduction
Descriptive Anatomic Terms
Anatomical Position
assumed to be standing, the feet together, the
arms to the side, and the head and eyes and palms
of the hands facing forwards.
Note: in a normal relaxed position of the body, the thumb points anteriorly. In anatomical parlance, the thumb is a lateral structure, not an anterior one.
FRONTAL or (CORONAL) separates the body into Anterior and Posterior parts
MEDIAN or (MIDSAGITTAL) separates body into Right and Left parts
HORIZONTAL separates the body into Superior and Inferior parts
SAGITTAL or (PARAMEDIAN)any plane parallel to the median plane
Terms of relation or position
Superior:( closer to the head(
Inferior( closer to the feet)
reference point -- horizontal plane
Terms of relation or position
Posterior (dorsal( closer to the posterior surface of the body(
Anterior (ventral( closer to the anterior surface of the body
reference point -- frontal or coronal plane
Terms of relation or position
Medial (lying closer to the midline(
Lateral )lying further away from the midline)
reference point -- sagittal plane
Terms of relation or position
Proximal) closer to the origin of a structure(
Distal (further away from the origin of a structure(
reference point -- the origin of a structure
Terms of relation or position
SuperficialDeepreference point -- surface of body or organ
Terms of relation or position
Terms of relation or position
Medianreference point -- along the midsagittal or median plane
Intermediatebetween two other structures
ExternalInternalrefers to a hollow structure\ external being outside and internal being inside
Terms of relation or position
SupineProneface or palm up when lying on back, face or palm down when lying on anterior surface of body
Terms of relation or position
Supine
Prone
IpsilateralContralateralSame side of body; opposite side of body
CephaladCaudadtoward the head, toward the tail (feet(
Terms of relation or position
flexionextensionincreasing angle with frontal plane ;decreasing angle with frontal plane Movement takes place in sagittal plane
Terms of movement
Lateral flexionMovement of the trunk in the lateral position
abductionadductionmoving away from or toward the sagittal plane
Terms of movement
medial rotationlateral rotationmovement around an axis of a bone
Terms of movement
pronationsupinationplacing palm backward or forward (in anatomical position(
Terms of movement
circumductioncombined movements of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction medial and lateral rotation ,circumscribe a cone
Terms of movement
oppositionbringing tips of fingers and thumb together as in picking something up
Terms of movement
protractionretractionmoving forward or backward along a surface
protraction
retraction
Terms of movement
InversionEversionMovement of foot so that the sole faces in a medial direction or a lateral direction
Terms of movement
Review Review questionsquestions
Thank youThank you
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