Jan Stevenson

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Jan Stevenson Gisborne Secondary College Melton Road. Gisborne. 3437 Phone 0354283691 Fax 0354284018 E- mail jans@gisbornesc.vic.edu.au

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PRACTICAL IDEAS

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SCIENCE WEBSITE AT GISBORNE SECONDARY COLLEGE

www.gisbornesc.vic.edu.au/home/jans/home/scihome.htm

Risk Evaluation Sheets “Quest Books” Experiments Additional Experiments Making Equipment for Science Classes Science Handbook

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TOOLS Drill & drill bits – preferably cordless. Hand tools – hammer, screw drivers,

pliers, wire strippers, spanners, shifters. Jewelers screwdrivers – kit. Tool kits – assortment of tools. Glue gun. Engraver. Helping hands. Soldering iron & solder.

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TOOLS

Socket set

Helping hands

Tool kit

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ELECTRICAL A few examples of equipment which

can be purchased or adapted for classroom use

Banana Plugs Crocodile clip adaptors Power supplies

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CONNECTIONS Piggy Back Banana Plugs NO SOLDERING

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CONNECTIONS Crocodile Clip Adaptors NO SOLDERING Storage and management ideas

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POWER SUPPLIES

There are never enough power supplies. Juggled from one prac to the next in one day. Batteries go flat. Constantly re-charging batteries. Batteries & cradles get lost, stolen or broken. Lots of time lost in constant maintenance.

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1. Power Packs 3,6,9,12V. They come with screw attachments which

have been replaced with banana sockets. Not too heavy, not too small.

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2.Plug Packs. Specific Voltage These are fitted with Banana Plug sockets These were adapted for the ticker timers

16V AC

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3. Plug packs Variable Ranges These can be fitted with Banana Plugs Used for simple electric circuits

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4.Cut of the plug Split the wire The white wire is positive Attach the banana plugs

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ELECTRODE KITS PROBLEMS Electrodes touching during experiment Bad contact with crocodile clips Constantly setting up and dismantling Crocodile clips corrode when dropped

in the solution

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Copper plate can be bought from the metalwork dept, use the guillotine to cut it.

Zinc sheet can be bought from a chemical supplier, can be cut with tin snips.

Drill or punch holes in each and fit with banana sockets.

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250ml glass jars and plastic screw lids can be purchased cheaply from Cospac or you can ask staff for a collection

Cut 2 slits in the lid for the electrodes

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The electrodes are suspended from the jar lid

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Two jars can be placed side by side and a paper salt bridge can be placed between

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Paper salt bridges can be cut from blotting paper – paper used in desk pads

Blotting paper can also be used instead of chromatography paper at junior levels

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Solder copper wire to the heads of two nails and connect to the sockets

Drill two holes and suspend the nails from the lid The lid can be placed over a 100ml beaker

STEEL ELECTRODES

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A copper electrode and a connecting wire soldered to the head of a nail

The nail can be cleaned with emery paper and reused

ELECTROPLATING

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CONDUCTIVITY TESTER For testing liquids and solids 100ml beaker used instead of a jar - less

chemicals used

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MODEL ELECTRIC JUG Nichrome wire is used to make the coils A hole is drilled for the thermometer

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CAPACITORS Choose a capacitor which is suitable for

the experiment

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RESISTORS Choose a resistor which is suitable for the

experiment

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BUZZERS The buzzers are fastened onto the lid with

a hot glue gun

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TOGGLE SWITCHES The switches are held in place with a

screw fitting

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CARBON ELECTRODES

Carbon electrodes can be made from carbon rods

The rods are inserted through holes drilled in a lid and glued in place with silicon

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CONTACT SWITCHES The metal can be cut and bent to shape

using a guillotine Mounted on a lid with banana sockets

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M.E.S. GLOBE HOLDERS The holders can be mounted on lids and

fitted with banana sockets

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SKILL TESTERS Materials

purchased from local hardware stores

Different degrees of difficulty – depending on the shape of the wire

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DINOSAUR TEMPLATE Photocopy the

pieces of the dinosaur model

Enlarge until it is the size required

Cut out the shapes and use these as the pattern

The slits are 6mm - the thickness of the MDF board used

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DINOSAUR JIGSAWDisplay the small model as a guide for the students

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LEMON BATTERY Solder wire to

the copper and zinc electrodes

Six lemons give a good supply of electrical energy

Use a L.E.D. in the circuit

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RAIN GUAGE A copper shim and

connecting wire soldered around the clothes peg

A small piece of soluble aspirin is placed in the jaws of the peg

Water is dropped onto the aspirin

When contact is made a buzzer sounds

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ALTERNATIVE QUICK FIT Very expensive

glassware Use glass tubing

covered with chux cloth and wound with wire

The chux cloth is soaked with water and acts as a condenser

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FORENSIC SCIENCE Children’s shoes

from the OP SHOP Shoe prints Transparency of

shoe print section Police report List of suspects Discover the

perpetrators

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GAS GENERATOR

These gas generators can be set up and stored as a class set.

Carbon dioxide generator

Hydrogen generator

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SPOTTING TRAYS

Food testing pH testing Easy to clean In place of test

tubes

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PLASTIC CUPS Polystyrene:

heat experiments

Plastic: taste tests Plaster toothpaste.

Clear plastic: growing seedsNO CLEANING

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SPATULAS Damage Don’t fit test tubes Cleaning

SOLUTION Wooden stirrers

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CULTURE TUBES Smaller in size Smaller quantities needed Cheaper to replace Plastic tops instead of

rubber stoppers

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DATA BASES Lists of equipment and Chemicals Quantities of Equipment and Chemicals Location of Equipment Easy for all staff to locate equipment Nothing gets “forgotten”

PROBLEMS Equipment must be returned to the

designated storage

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DATA BASES

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DATA BASES

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LABELLING Avery labelling

system Adding Class Icons Add other relevant

information No waste of labels

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CHEMWATCH Chemwatch MSDS data base Subscribe through a school

network $100 per year for 4 updates

per year Everything from toothpaste

to trichloroethane Includes Manufacturers

Website - http://web.chemwatch.net/chem/Email - chemwatch@chemwatch.net

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CHEMWATCH SAMPLE

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MINI MSDS

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R.E.S

Risk Evaluation Sheets

Available on the website at GSC

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HS & DG REGISTER

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LAB MANAGEMENTCLASS SETS

Dropping Bottles - solutions Canisters – powders Samples Pre-weighed/measured chemicals Apparatus Pre- organised experiments

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DROPPING BOTTLES Our students work in

pairs, 13 dropping bottles per set.

The sets are stored in plastic boxes.

Each chemical is given a number, and stored in numerical order.

The sets are recorded on a data base, this is displayed on the door.

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DROPPING BOTTLES

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CANISTERS

Class sets of canisters are stored in take away food containers

Each powder is given a number and stored in numerical order

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SAMPLES

Small samples of plastics are cut and stored in containers.

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PRE-MEASUREMENT REASONS. The experiment is used by every class in

the year level. Many experiments cannot be completed

within one period. Pre-Weighing and Measuring samples

saves class time. Cost saving in chemicals used. Many can be stored for later use. Not every school has a class set of scales.

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SPOOLING OF DNA FROM ONION Lux flakes can

be weighed for the students.

A dispenser can be used for the enzyme.

100ml of minced onion measured into beakers.

Ethanol can be.pre-measured.

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TASTE TESTS

Dosage cups or film canisters

Dispensers Cotton buds

cut in half Container of

disinfectant

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TOOTHPASTE All ingredients are

pre-weighed for the students.

Economical use of chemicals.

Students use plastic cups and wooden stirrers for mixing toothpaste - more hygienic and can be discarded after use.

LESS MESS.

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ENDOTHERMIC - EXOTHERMIC Quest book 3 Page 47. Exothermic and

endothermic Processes.

Pre-weighed samples of chemicals.

Some classes are working on the same topic at the same time.

Multiple class sets can be pre-prepared.

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MICROSCOPE SLIDES Class sets

based on topics

Booklets Easier to

see if slides are missing or broken

Easier to locate slides

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STORAGE IDEAS

“A PLACE FOR EVERYTHING AND EVERYTHING IN ITS PLACE”

EASIER SAID THAN DONE !!

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STORAGE IDEAS Stackable bins Bin racks

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STORAGE IDEAS Ticker Timer Power supplies Connecting wire Streamers Carbon discs All stored

together in one bin

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STORAGE IDEAS Shelving for stock

jars and canisters Wall mounted rack

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STORAGE IDEAS• All the equipment

for titration can be stored in one container

• Burettes, clamps, white tiles, funnels, pipettes – all plastic

• “Under the bed” plastic bins

• Easy to transport and “almost” unbreakable

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STORAGE IDEAS Peg board for connecting wire Coat hanger bags Bag holders A WHITEBOARD

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LIGHT EMITTING DIODES

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LIGHT EMITTING DIODESTo stop the students from changing the voltage of the

power supply and blowing the m.e.s. globes we use L.E.D's (Light Emitting Diodes) they are easy to make and very cheap to produce.

If the students do manage to damage them it is just a matter of replacing the resistors and led's (only a few cents) much cheaper than replacing a globe.

The led's have a negative and a positive terminal, if they are not connected correctly they will not work.

They still have the responses in series and parallel.

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LIGHT EMITTING DIODES

Film canisters are used to make the led's. They are available free from photo processing labs or your school photographic department.

STEP1

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LIGHT EMITTING DIODES

Banana sockets - Dick Smith Catalogue Page 248, standard 4mm, Cat No - Red – P 1720. Cat No - Black - P 1722. Ring Dick Smith for a cost, catalogue price is nearly double the school price.

STEP 2

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LIGHT EMITTING DIODES

Resistors Available from Dick Smith - 330 ohm resistors. Page 258. Ring Dick Smith for a cost, catalogue price is nearly double the school price.

STEP 3

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LIGHT EMITTING DIODES

Light emitting Diodes Dick Smith Catalogue Page 267, 5mm size is used in the film canisters, if you wanted to use the 10mm led's a larger container would be needed. Ring Dick Smith for a cost, catalogue price is nearly double the school price.

STEP 4

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LIGHT EMITTING DIODESTOOLS Soldering Iron Drill Drill bits - 19/64 & 1/4 Drill socket Solder Helping Hands Pliers

STEP 5

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LIGHT EMITTING DIODESUsing the 19/64 bit drill

two holes for the sockets. Using the 1/4 bit drill one hole for the led. Take care when drilling the holes leave enough room for the nut to go on the socket.

STEP 6

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LIGHT EMITTING DIODES

Insert the sockets, using only one of the nuts, tighten with pliers or drill socket.

STEP 7

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LIGHT EMITTING DIODES

Solder the led to the resistor, solder a connector to each end.

STEP 8

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LIGHT EMITTING DIODES

Twist the wire into shape and bend the connector at right angles. Check to see which end is positive Fasten to banana socket with remaining nut.

STEP 9

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LIGHT EMITTING DIODES

Ensure that no wires are touching before clipping on the lid.

STEP 10

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LIGHT EMITTING DIODES

Diodes can be connected in parallel or series.Kits can be constructed for demonstration.

STEP 11

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LIGHT EMITTING DIODES

The L.E.D’s can be stored as class sets

STEP 12

THE END