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Note Page 44“War in the Pacific”
Japanese Victories
-Pearl Harbor
-Japan had many Victories in much of the Pacific
Empire greater than Hitler’s
-MacArthur retreats from the Philippines
“Bataan Death March” for US prisoners of war
-MacArthur pledges to return
America Recovers
Bombing of Tokyo April 1942
Known as Doolittle’s raid after Col. James Doolittle- increased morale of American troops
-Coral Sea Battle: saved Australia from Japanese attack; first time Japan had been turned back
air power in the navy: only used planes from carriers to inflict damage
America Recovers
-Battle of Midway, 1942
Adm. Chester Nimitz: commander of US naval forces in the Pacific
Midway: important point between US and Japan
inflicted great damage to much larger Japanese fleet
“Avenged Pearl Harbor”
-Japan never recovered its naval power
Island Hopping
-as the U.S. built its naval and air advantage the Japanese fortified every island
-U.S. bypasses many islands and takes weaker ones for airfields, uses air power to cut off the supplies of enemy
-Guadalcanal, 1942
19,000 marines; 1st land defeat for Japan but at high cost
-Philippines, 1944
178,000 Allied troops and 738 ships- months later, Am. Took islands and freed POW’s
MacArthur returns to the Philippines in 1944
High Costs
-Japanese defending with every man
- kamikaze attacks-
suicide bombers
Iwo Jima, 1945
Critical base need by the US for airfields to launch invasion and attacks on Japan
Most heavily defended place on earth
6,000 Marines die
of 20,700 Japanese troops only 200 survived
High Costs
FDR dies after elected to 4th term
Harry S. Truman, his VP, becomes President
He must decide on whether or not to drop the Atomic bomb
High Costs
-Okinawa, 1945
Last island between the US and Japan
higher death totals
7,600 American deaths
110,000 Japanese
-warnings of what invasion would cost of Japan’s homeland would cost- fighting home to home, they would not surrender
Manhattan Project
-about 130,000 people at over 30 different sites worked in the project to develop the Atomic bomb
-J. Robert Oppenheimer led the project at Los Alamos NM – testing ground
-some scientists urged the gov’t not to use the weapon
-Truman made the decision to use the weapon on Japan
Ultimate Weapon
-Before atomic weapon was used, airdrops of
leaflets urged Japanese to surrender
-Japanese leaders refuse to unconditionally surrender
-August, 1945 the bomber Enola Gay dropped an
atomic bomb over Hiroshima est.- 100K dead
-another bomb dropped on Nagasaki – est. 50K dead
-Japanese surrender
-V-J Day (Victory over Japan)
18The Cost of Victory???
Rebuilding the World
-Yalta Conference, 1945 meeting of the Big Three: US, England, and Soviet Union
-Creation of the United Nations
-Potsdam, July 1945
division of Germany into 4 sections- US, England, France, and Soviet Union
Nuremburg Trials
- war crimes
- several Nazi leaders executed
Occupation of Japan
-General Douglas MacArthur
- Reformed Japan’s economy
- Established democratic government, their constitution called the MacArthur Constitution
- Guaranteed basic freedoms, gave women suffrage
Constitution still exists as Japan’s government
21
Note Page 44“War in the Pacific”
The End
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