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7/28/2019 Jean Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory
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7/28/2019 Jean Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory
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Jean Piaget
The Swiss psychologistand educator Jean
Piaget is famous for hislearning theories basedon different stages in thedevelopment of
children's intelligence.
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Piaget's theory of cognitivedevelopment is a comprehensive theory about the
nature and development of
human intelligence.
It is primarily known as a developmentalstage theory, but in fact, it deals with the
nature of knowledge itself and how
humans come gradually to acquire,construct, and use it.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_stage_theorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_stage_theorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_stage_theorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_stage_theories7/28/2019 Jean Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory
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Basic Cognitive Concept
SchemaPiaget used the term schema to refer
to the cognitive structures, by whichindividuals intellectually adapt to and
organize their environment.
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AssimilationThis is the process of fitting a new
experiences into an existing or previouslycreated cognitive structure or schema.
AccommodationThis is the process of creating a newschema.
Equilibrationis achieving proper balance between
assimilation and accommodation.
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Piagets Stages of Cognitive
Development
Sensori-motor Stageis the first of the four stages in
cognitive development which "extends
from birth to the acquisition oflanguage.
In this stage, infants construct an
understanding of the world bycoordinating experiences (such asseeing and hearing) with physical,motoric actions.
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The cognitive milestoneat this stage is -------
OBJECT PERMANENCE.
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Pre-operational Stage- covers from about 2-7 years old,
roughly corresponding to the preschoolyears.
- During this stage, the child learns touse and to represent objects by images,words, and drawings.
- The child is able to form stableconcepts as well as mental reasoning
and magical beliefs.
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-
The child however is still not able toperform operations; tasks that the child
can do mentally rather than physically.
- Thinking is still egocentric.
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This stage is highlighted by thefollowing:
The Symbolic FunctionThis is the ability to represent objects
and events.
--- a symbo lis a thing that represents
something else.
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Egocentrism- this is the ability of a child to only
see his point of view and too assume
that everyone also has his same point of
view.
Centration- this refers to the tendency of the
child to only focus on one aspect of athing or event and exclude other
aspects.
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ReversibilityThe pre-operational children still has
the inability to reverse their thinking.
AnimismThis is the tendency of children to
attribute human like traits or
characteristics to inanimate objects.
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Transductive ReasoningThis refers to the pre-operational
childs type of reasoning that is neither
inductive or deductive. Reasoning
appears to be from particular toparticular i.e., if A causes B, then B
causes A.
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Concrete-operational StageThis stage, which follows the
preoperational stage, occurs betweenthe ages of 7 and 11 years and is
characterized by the appropriate use of
logic.Important processes during this stage are:
Decenteringwhere the child takesinto account multiple aspects of a
problem to solve it.
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Reversibilitythe child understandsthat numbers or objects can be
changed, then returned to their originalstate.
Conservationunderstanding thatquantity, length or number of items isunrelated to the arrangement or
appearance of the object or items.
Seriationthe ability to sort objects inan order according to size, shape, or
any other characteristic.
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Formal operational Stage- Intelligence is demonstrated through
the logical use of symbols related toabstract concepts.
- At this point, the person is capableof hypothetical and deductive reasoning.
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This stage is characterized bythe following:
Hypothetical Reasoning- this is the ability to come up with
different hypothesis about a problemand to gather and weigh data in order to
make a final decision or judgment.
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Analogical Reasoning- this is the ability to perceive the
relationship in one instance and then
use that relationship to narrow down
possible answer in another similar
situation or problem.Deductive Reasoning
- this is the ability to think logically by
applying a general rule to a particular
instance or situation.
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Piagets Stages of Development
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